Child Health in Difficult Situations and Disasters

.: PREFACE
ÖN SÖZ
PREFACE
Prof. Dr. Adem AYDIN
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Sosyal Pediatri BD, İzmir, Türkiye
Article Language: TR
Doğal Afetler Milyonlarca Çocuğu Etkiliyor

Her yıl milyonlarca çocuk doğal olarak oluşan ve insanların neden olduğu afetlerden etkilenmektedir. İnsanların neden olduğu afetlerin sıklığı kesin olarak bilinmemekle beraber, 2010 ile 2019 yılları arasında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde ortaya çıkan 119 afet, 1 milyar dolardan daha fazla maddi zarara yol açarken bir yandan da çocukların evlerini, okullarını ve toplu yaşadıkları ortamları etkilemiştir. Öte yandan ülkemizin de içinde bulunduğu gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, geri kalmış birçok ülkede; depremler başta üzere sel baskınları, kuraklık, iklim değişikliği gibi birçok doğal ve insanların doğayı hoyratça kullanması sonucunda görülen afetler sonrasında, yıkıcı etkiler daha belirgin olmaktadır. 1980 ile 2019 yılları arasında gerçekleşen milyar dolarlık afetleri inceleyen bir derlemede; toplam ekonomik zararların yaklaşık %85'inin sel, kuraklık, sıcak hava dalgaları ve şiddetli fırtınalar gibi iklim değişikliği ile bağlantılı hava olaylarına bağlı olduğu; geri kalanının ise depremler gibi jeofiziksel olaylara bağlı olduğu ileri sürülmüştür. Bununla birlikte son 25 yılda, 17 Ağustos 1999 Gölcük merkezli Marmara depremi ve 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş merkezli Güneydoğu Anadolu depremlerinde ülkemizde birçok çocuk ya hayatını kaybetmiş ya da anne ve babasını kaybetmiştir. Bir taraftan da kronik hastalık ve bakım eksikliği ile karşı karşıya kalmışlardır.

Doğal Afetler Çocuklarda Fiziksel Sağlık, Ruh Sağlığı ve Öğrenme Sorunlarına Yol Açmaktadır

Yaşlılar ve 18 yaş altındaki çocuklar, doğal afetlere maruz kaldıklarında özellikle savunmasız bir nüfus grubunu oluşturmaktadır. Yetişkinlere kıyasla çocuklar, kilolarına göre daha fazla hava soludukları, daha ince bir deriye sahip oldukları, sıvı kaybı durumlarında daha yüksek risk taşıdıkları ve vücut ısılarını daha kolay kaybettikleri için afetlerden daha ciddi fiziksel etkiler yaşarlar. Ek olarak, doğal afetler; anne babaların ve çocuklarımıza bakım veren kurum ve kuruluşlarda çalışan öğretmen ve bakım veren diğer bireylerin kaybı ve okul, park diğer yaşam alanlarında oluşan yıkım ya da hizmet aksaması sonrası çocukların bakım, koruma ve destek sistemlerinin zayıflaması yoluyla dolaylı olarak da çocuklara zarar verebilir. Bu nedenle, afetlerin yol açtığı doğrudan travma ötesinde, çocuklar uzun erimli olarak fiziksel, psikolojik ve eğitsel kayıplar da yaşayabilmektedir.

İklim Değişikliği, Mevcut Kırılganlıkları Daha da Derinleştiriyor

İklim değişikli sonucu ortaya çıkan yangın, sel baskını gibi birçok doğa olayı ya da afet durumları, özellikle savunmasız olan çocuklarımızı daha çok etkilemektedir. Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yönetimsel zayıflık, eğitim sistemlerindeki yetersizlikler, sağlık sistemlerinde var olan sorunlar ve çocukların destek sitemlerine ulaşmasındaki zorluklar nedeni ile, iklimle ilişkili sağlık riskleri (örneğin malnütrisyon, ishal, sıtma ve aşıya ulaşma) daha yaygın görülmektedir.

Bu kitabın ana amacı, çocuklarda ortaya çıkan bir dizi doğal ve insan kaynaklı zor durumun neler olduğunun tekrar gözden geçirilmesi; çocukların yarınlarını gözeten çocuk hakları temelli çözüm önerilerinin gözden geçirilmesidir. Sunulan kitapta bazı eksikliklerimiz olsa da değişik üniversitelerde çalışan 25 akademisyenin çok değerli katkıları ile;18 alt başlıkta zor durumlarda çocuk sağlığı tartışılmıştır.

Kitabımızın bir diğer amacı da; zaten kırılgan bir nüfus olan çocuklarımızın zor durumlardan en az etkilenerek, topluma kazandırılması, çocukların refahı ve gelişimi üzerinde afetlerin etkilerinin anlaşılması ve sağlık hizmeti sunucularının da bu konudaki bilgi düzeylerinin artırılmasıdır.

Saygılarımla.

Prof. Dr. Adem AYDIN
Editör
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Sosyal Pediatri BD, İzmir, Türkiye
Natural Disasters Impact Millions of Children

Every year, natural and human-made disasters affect millions of children. While the exact frequency of human-caused disasters is not well-documented, 119 such disasters in the United States from 2010 to 2019 resulted in over $1 billion in material damage. These disasters have significant impacts on children's homes, schools, and the environments in which they live. In developing countries, including our own and many underdeveloped nations, the destructive effects of natural disasters are even more pronounced. Incidents like earthquakes, floods, droughts, and the impacts of climate change, as well as other disasters resulting from the irresponsible use of natural resources, have severe repercussions for children in these regions. A review of billion-dollar disasters between 1980 and 2019 suggests that about 85 percent of total economic losses are due to weather events linked to climate change, such as floods, droughts, heat waves, and severe storms, while the rest are due to geophysical events, such as earthquakes. However, in the last 25 years, many children in our country either lost their lives or lost their parents in the Marmara earthquake centered in Gölcük on 17 August 1999 and the Southeastern Anatolia earthquake centered in Kahramanmaraş on 6 February 2023. On the other hand, they have been faced with chronic diseases and a lack of care.

Natural Disasters Cause Physical Health, Mental Health and Learning Problems in Children

Children and the elderly are particularly vulnerable when faced with such events. Children often endure more severe physical consequences from disasters than adults. This is because children breathe more air relative to their body weight, have thinner skin, are more susceptible to dehydration, and lose body heat more rapidly. In addition, natural disasters can also harm children indirectly through the loss of parents, teachers, and other caregivers working in institutions and organizations that care for our children and through the weakening of children's care, protection, and support systems following the destruction or disruption of services in schools, parks, and other living spaces. Therefore, beyond the direct trauma caused by disasters, children may also experience long-term physical, psychological, and educational losses.

Climate Change Exacerbates Existing Vulnerabilities

Natural disasters such as fires and floods, intensified by climate change, disproportionately impact vulnerable children. In developing countries, climate-related health risks -such as malnutrition, diarrhea, malaria, and limited access to vaccines- are more prevalent. This is largely due to weak governance, inadequate education systems, problematic health care, and challenges in children's access to essential support services.

The primary purpose of this book is to review a series of natural and human-induced difficult situations that occur in children and to review child rights-based solution proposals that consider children's future. Although the present book has some deficiencies, with the valuable contributions of 25 academicians working in different universities, child health in difficult situations has been discussed under 18 subheadings.

Another aim of our book is to minimize the effects of disasters on children's welfare and development and to increase the level of knowledge of health service providers on this subject.

Sincerely.

Prof. Dr. Adem AYDIN
Editor
Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Social Pediatrics, İzmir, Türkiye

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login



Contact


Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 154 - 153
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 197
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 197
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com