Hospital-Associated Infections and Clinical Biosecurity in Veterinary Medicine

.: PREFACE
ÖN SÖZ
PREFACE
Prof. Dr. Handan Hilal ARSLAN YAVUZ
Çukurova Üniversitesi Ceyhan Veteriner Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları AD, Adana, Türkiye
Article Language: TR
Sayın meslektaşlarım,

Hastane enfeksiyonları ya da diğer adıyla nozokomiyal enfeksiyonlar, genel anlamda hastaların hastaneye başvurdukları hastalıklar dışında, hastane ortamında bulundukları sırada etkilendikleri enfeksiyonlar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Hastane enfeksiyonları veteriner hekimlikte birçok olumsuzluğa neden olmaktadır. Öncelikle bu tip enfeksiyonlar nedeniyle, hastaların veteriner klinikleri ya da hastanelerinde kalış süresi uzamakta, bu durum hem hastada farklı sağlık sorunlarına neden olmakta, hem de hasta sahibi ve klinikler için ilave bir maliyet oluşturmaktadır. Hastane enfeksiyonları için birçok kontrol programı geliştirilmiştir ve bunların hepsinin temeli klinik biyogüvenlik uygulamalarına dayanmaktadır.

Veteriner hekimlikte biyogüvenlik; hayvan kaynaklı enfeksiyöz ajanların diğer hayvanlara, insanlara ve çevreye bulaşmasını engellemek için alınacak tüm önlemleri içeren bir kavramdır. Uzun yıllardır lisans, yüksek lisans ve doktora düzeyinde klinik biyogüvenliğe yönelik dersler vermekle beraber, çiftlik biyogüvenliğine yönelik, yürütücüsü olduğum ve içinde araştırmacı olarak yer aldığım oldukça kapsamlı uluslararası projeler bulunmaktadır. Konu hakkındaki bu birikimim biyogüvenlik kavramının ülkemizde daha fazla irdelenmesine ihtiyaç olduğunun tespitine ve kitap fikrinin doğmasına neden olmuştur.

Yapılan çalışmalar, her hayvan hastanesi ya da veteriner kliniğine uyabilecek tek tip bir biyogüvenlik programının mevcut olmadığını göstermiştir. Bu nedenle, hastane ve kliniklerin temel biyogüvenlik kurallarını baz alarak, kendi programlarını koşullarına spesifik olarak hazırlaması gerekmektedir.

Büyük hayvan çiftliklerinde temel biyogüvenlik uygulamaları ve iş akışının doğru şekilde düzenlenmesi ile işletmelere hastalık girişinin engellenmesi mümkün olacaktır. Özellikle büyük hayvan hekimliğinde güncel yaklaşım; işletmeye hastalığın girmesini biyogüvenlik uygulamaları ile baştan önlemek, böylece yüksek tedavi masraflarından kaçınmak, verimli hayvanları kaybetme riskini azaltmak, sonuç olarak da insan sağlığına olumsuz etkileri olabilecek ilaç kalıntısı içeren son ürünler yerine sağlıklı ürünler elde etmektir. Böylece çok ciddi bir maddi kayıp ve sağlık risklerinden kaçınılması mümkün olmaktadır.

At hekimliğinde de ahır, hara, çiftlik, hastane ya da kliniklerde temel biyogüvenlik kurallarının doğru basamaklar ile uygulanması, etkili havalandırma sistemlerinin aktif olarak kullanılması, ortak ekipmanların ve yüzeylerin uygun kimyasal dezenfektanlarla temizlenmesi ile hastane kaynaklı enfeksiyonları kontrol altına almak mümkündür.

Unutulmamalıdır ki çok basit ve doğru bir akışla sıralanmış klinik biyogüvenlik önlemleri sayesinde, hastane enfeksiyonlarını belirgin derecede azaltmak ve hastaları yaşatma oranını artırmak mümkündür. Bu amaçla özellikle veteriner fakültelerinde klinik uygulama derslerine ilk adımını atan öğrencilerden başlayarak tüm meslektaşlarımızın biyogüvenlik kavramını içselleştirmesini sağlamamız gerekmektedir. Bu konu, veteriner fakültelerinin uluslararası akreditasyon süreçlerinde de en çok önemsenen noktalardan biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

Bilindiği üzere veteriner hekimlerin en önemli görev ve sorumluluklarından biri de koruyucu hekimliktir. Aslında klinik biyogüvenlik kavramının da temeli önce hekim olarak kendimizi ve sonrasında hayvanları ve çevremizi olası hastalıklardan koruma fikri oluşturmaktır.

Bu kitabın hazırlanma amacı, veteriner hekimliğin farklı klinik alanlarında görev yapan ve yapacak meslektaşlarımıza, farklı hayvan türleri ve işletme koşulları için biyogüvenlik uygulamalarını hangi yöntemlerle hayata geçirebileceklerine dair bir kaynak oluşturmaktır.

Kitabımızın ortaya çıkmasında emeği geçen değerli yazarlarımıza teşekkür ediyor ve bu kitabın tüm meslektaşlarımız için hastane enfeksiyonları ve klinik biyogüvenlik uygulamaları konusunda yararlı bir rehber olmasını diliyorum.

Prof. Dr. Handan Hilal ARSLAN YAVUZ
Editör
Çukurova Üniversitesi Ceyhan Veteriner Fakültesi, İç Hastalıkları AD, Adana, Türkiye
Dear colleagues,

Hospital infections, also known as nosocomial infections, are generally defined as infections that patients are affected by while in a hospital environment, other than the diseases they are admitted to. Hospital infections cause many negativities in veterinary medicine. First of all, due to such infections, the length of stay of patients in veterinary clinics or hospitals is extended, which causes different health problems for the patient and creates additional costs for the patient owner and clinics. Many control programs have been developed for hospital infections, all based on clinical biosecurity practices.

Biosecurity in veterinary medicine is a concept that includes all precautions to be taken to prevent animal-based infectious agents from spreading to other animals, humans, and the environment. I have been giving courses on clinical biosecurity at undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral levels for many years, and there are comprehensive international projects on farm biosecurity that I have been the executive of and was involved in as a researcher. This knowledge on the subject led me to determine that the concept of biosecurity needed to be examined further in our country, and the idea of the book was born.

Studies have shown that no single type of biosecurity program can suit every animal hospital or veterinary clinic. Therefore, hospitals and clinics need to prepare their programs based on basic biosecurity rules and specific to their conditions.

In large animal farms, it will be possible to prevent disease entry into businesses with basic biosecurity practices and the correct workflow organization. The current approach, especially in large animal medicine, is to prevent disease entry into the business with biosecurity practices in the first place, thus avoiding high treatment costs, reducing the risk of losing productive animals, and, as a result, obtaining healthy products instead of end products containing drug residues that may have adverse effects on human health. Thus, it is possible to avoid serious financial losses and health risks.

In horse medicine, it is possible to control hospital-acquired infections by implementing basic biosecurity rules in stables, stud farms, farms, hospitals, or clinics with the correct steps, actively using effective ventilation systems, and cleaning equipment and surfaces with appropriate chemical disinfectants.

It should not be forgotten that it is possible to significantly reduce hospital infections and increase the survival rate of patients thanks to clinical biosecurity measures listed in a very simple and correct flow. For this purpose, we need to ensure that all our colleagues, especially starting from the students who take their first steps in clinical practice courses in veterinary faculties, internalize the concept of biosecurity. This issue is also one of the most important points in the international accreditation processes of veterinary faculties.

As it is known, preventive medicine is one of the most important duties and responsibilities of veterinarians. The basis of clinical biosecurity is the idea of protecting ourselves as physicians, animals, and our environment from possible diseases.

The purpose of preparing this book is to create a resource for our colleagues who work and will work in different clinical areas of veterinary medicine on which methods they can implement biosecurity practices for different animal species and operating conditions.

The purpose of preparing this book is to create a resource for our colleagues who work and will work in different clinical areas of veterinary medicine on which methods they can implement biosecurity practices for various animal species and operating conditions.

Prof. Dr. Handan Hilal ARSLAN YAVUZ
Editor
Çukurova University Ceyhan Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Adana, Türkiye

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