Palliative Approaches In Congenital Heart Diseases

.: PREFACE
ÖN SÖZ
PREFACE
Prof. Dr. Halil TÜRKOĞLU
İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Kalp ve Damar Cerrahisi ABD, İstanbul, Türkiye
Article Language: TR
'Konjenital Kalp Hastalıklarında Palyatif Yaklaşımlar' konulu kitabımız, değerli arkadaşlarımız tarafından detaylı bir şekilde hazırlanmış ve yazılmıştır. Bu arada amacımız, palyatif ameliyatların anestezisini, cerrahi teknikleri ve kardiyolojik girişimleri bir çatı altında toplamaktı. Öncelikle preoperatif dönemde anestezi teknikleri ve yaklaşımlarının önemi, inotrop destek ihtiyaçları ve tedavi modaliteleri ve ameliyat öncesi nasıl bir hazırlık yapılması gerektiği, ameliyat sonrası dönemde hastanın toparlanmasına ne gibi katkı sağlayacağı, morbidite ve mortaliteye etkilerinin tartışılması ve öneminin anlaşılması amaçlanmıştır.

Konuyu irdelerken palyatif şant ameliyatlarının özellikle sıkça kullanılanlarının anlaşılması için teknik yaklaşımları ve sık kullanılanları belirtilmiş, yenidoğan döneminde tercih nedenleri ortaya konulmaya ve erken dönemde tıkanmaları önlemek açısından greft seçimi konusunda bilgi aktarımında bulunulmuş ve tecrübelerden bahsedilmiştir. Yenidoğan döneminde sıkça karşımıza çıkan ventriküler septal defekt ve pulmoner atrezide, kardiyolojinin gelişen teknolojilere ve artan tecrübelere bağlı olarak uyguladığı teknikler, cerrahiye katkıları ve mortalite ve morbiditeye etkileri tartışılmış, bu konuda da deneyimler paylaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Son yıllarda Fallot tetralojisinde yenidoğan ve çocukluk döneminde yapılan palyatif girişimlere yer verilmiş, özellikle de hastaların hayatta kalması yönünde çalışmaların değeri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Yine tek ventrikül patolojili yenidoğan ve bebeklerde kullanılan şant yöntemleri, klasik ve Sano şantlarından ve ventrikül fonksiyonlarına etkisi açısından tercih sebepleri üzerine tecrübeler ve deneyimler aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu konuda okuyuculara fikir vermek ve katkı sağlamak istenmiştir. Şant ameliyatları yanında pulmoner kan akımının fazla ve pulmoner arter basıncının yüksek olduğu hastalarda ileriye dönük palyatif ve radikal girişimler açısından band işleminin önemi, değeri ve yapılma endikasyonları, zamanlamasının önemini belirtir deneyimler paylaşılmıştır. Yine çocukluk çağındaki palyatif ameliyatlardan Glenn şantının endikasyonu, zamanlaması, hangi hastalarda uygulanması gerektiği ve komplikasyonlarını belirtir deneyim ve sonuçları belirleyen çalışmalarla ilgili bilgiler verilmiştir. Atriyal septostomi ve septektomi konusu kardiyoloji ve kalp cerrahisi yönünden yenidoğan döneminde primer girişim veya ek patolojilerin düzeltilmesinde gerekli teknik detaylar verilerek bilgi paylaşımı yapılmıştır.

Özellikle mortalite ve morbidite açısından yüksek risk taşıyan hipoplastik sol kalp sendromunda kardiyolojik ve cerrahi zamanlama ve teknik yaklaşımlar ve morbiditeyi azaltıcı metotlardan bahsedilmiştir. Bu arada Hibrid girişimler konusunda okuyuculara fikir vermesi açısından bilgi ve deneyimler aktarılmıştır. Son olarak da palyatif ameliyat uygulanan hastalarda medikal tedavi yaklaşımları ve morbidite ve mortaliteye etkileri, yoğun bakımda ekstübasyon süresi, şantların tıkanmasını engellemek için gereken tedavi yaklaşımları sunulmuştur. Yazarların özveri ile hazırladıkları yazılar biz cerrahlar ve çocuk kardiyologları için de bilgi ve deneyimlerin paylaşılması yönünde katkı sağlayacaktır. Tüm yazarlara katkılarından dolayı teşekkür ederim. Ayrıca bu konunun yazılmasına fırsat verdikleri için Türkiye Klinikleri Yönetim Kurulu'na da saygılarımı sunarım.

Prof. Dr. Halil TÜRKOĞLU
Editör
Our study on 'Palliative Approaches in Congenital Heart Diseases' was prepared and written in detail by our dear friends. Our aim was to collect the anesthesia, surgical techniques and cardiological procedures of palliative surgeries under a roof.

Principally, the importance of anesthesia techniques and cardiological approaches in preoperative period, inotropic support needs and treatment modalities, how to prepare before the operation and how it will contribute to the recovery of the patient in the postoperative period, and to understand the importance of morbidity and mortality. While examining the subject, technical approaches and favorites were used to understand palliative shunt surgeries, especially those used frequently, and information was given about the reason for preference and graft selection in order to reveal the reasons for preference in the neonatal period and to prevent clogging in the early period. In ventricular septal defect and pulmonary atresia, which we frequently encounter in the neonate period, the techniques applied to cardiology based on developing technology and increasing experience, their effects on surgery, and their effects on mortality and morbİdity are discussed. İn recent years, in the tetralogy of Fallot, palliative attempts in newborn and childhood have been included, and the value of studies especially for survival of patients has been tried to be revealed. Again, it was tried to transfer knowledge and experiences on the reason of preference in terms of shunt methods used in newborns and infants with single ventricular pathology, classical and Sano shunts and their effects on ventricular functions. It was asked to give readers an opinion and contribute on this matter.

In addition to shunt surgeries, experiences indicating the importance, value, indications and timing of the band operation in terms of prospective palliative and radical interventions were shared in patients with high pulmonary blood flow and high pulmonary artery pressure. Again, information about the indications, timing of the Glenn shunt, which is one of the palliative operations in childhood, and the studies determining which patients should be applied and its complications, and the studies determining the results are given. In terms of cardiology and cardiac surgery, the subject of atrial septostomy and septectomy wasshared in the neonatal period with necessary technical details to correct primary intervention or additional pathologies. Cardiological and surgical timing and technical approaches and methods to reduce mortality are mentioned especially in hypoplastic left heart syndrome which has a high risk for mortality and morbidity. Meanwhile, information and experiences were conveyed to give an idea hybrid enterprises. Finally, medical treatment approaches and their effects on morbidity and mortality, extubation in intensive care, and treatment approaches to prevent occlusion of shunts are presented in patients undergoing palliative surgery. The writers' dedication will contribute to sharing knowledge and experience for us surgeons and pediatric cardiologists. Thanks to all authors for their contributions. I also like to express my regards to Türkiye Klinikleri Management Board for giving me the opportunity to write this topic.

Prof. Dr. Halil TÜRKOĞLU
Editor

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