Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: RESEARCH
Ethical Sensitivity of Physicians in the Discipline of Orthopedics and Traumatology: A Cross-Sectional Study
Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Disiplinindeki Hekimlerin Etik Duyarlılığı: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
Ramazan İlter ÖZTÜRKa, Yiğit Umur CIRDIb, Gülhan KÜÇÜK ÖZTÜRKc
aClinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Nevşehir State Hospital, Nevşehir, Türkiye
bClinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Acıbadem Kozyatağı Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye
cDepartment of Psychiatric Nursing, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Semra and Vefa Küçük Faculty of Health Sciences, Nevşehir, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2022;30(3):240-52
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2021-87085
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to determine the ethical sensitivity of physicians in the discipline of orthopedics and traumatology. The study, conducted between March and April 2020, followed a cross-sectional design and included 234 physicians. Although sampling was not performed, physicians in the discipline of orthopedics and traumatology who complied with the selection criteria constituted the sample. Data collection was performed using an online form. Necessary permissions were obtained to conduct the study. The average age of all participants was 37.27±7.92 years. Of the participants, 96.6% were male. Further, 50.5% of the participants were specialist orthopedic physicians and 85.5% were willingly employed. Of the participants, 68.4% stated that they received ethics training during their academic life and 70.9% stated that they received no ethics training during their professional life. Of the participants, 52.1% stated that they had knowledge about ethics, 62.4% stated that they experienced ethical dilemmas and 36.8% stated that they had resolved the ethical dilemma they encountered. The total mean score for physicians in the discipline of orthopedics and traumatology on the Ethical Sensitivity Scale was 89.70±17.00. In addition, ethical sensitivity was higher for physicians who had an academic title and over 5 years of experience in the discipline of orthopedics and traumatology, who were willingly employed, who had received ethics training, and who had independently resolved an ethical dilemma. It is thought that these findings can be used to develop models based on an holistic ethical approach, especially for physicians in the discipline of orthopedics and traumatology.

Keywords: Discipline of orthopedics and traumatology; ethical sensitivity; physician
ÖZET
Bu çalışma, ortopedi ve travmatoloji disiplinindeki hekimlerin etik duyarlılıklarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma, kesitsel olarak Mart-Nisan 2020 tarihleri arasında, ortopedi ve travmatoloji disiplinindeki hekimlerle yapılmıştır. Çalışmada örneklem seçimine gidilmeyerek, seçim kriterlerine uyan 234 hekim örneklemi oluşturmuştur. Veriler 'online' form olarak, internet üzerinden elektronik posta aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın yapılması için gerekli izinler alınmıştır. Tüm katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 37,27±7,92'dir. Katılımcıların %96,6'sı erkektir. Katılımcıların %50,5'inin uzman ortopedi hekimi ve %85,5'inin mesleğini gönüllü olarak yaptığı saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların %68,4'ü eğitim hayatında etik eğitimi aldığını, %70,9'u ise çalışma hayatında etik eğitimi almadığını bildirmiştir. Katılımcıların %52,1'i etik konusunda bilgi sahibi iken, %62,4'ü etik ikilem yaşamaktadır. Katılımcıların %36,8'i karşılaştığı etik ikilemi kendisi çözmektedir. Ortopedi ve travmatoloji disiplinindeki hekimlerin etik duyarlılık ölçeği toplam puan ortalamaları 89,70±17,00'dır. Ayrıca akademik bir unvana sahip olan, ortopedi ve travmatoloji alanında çalışma süresi 5 yıldan fazla olan, mesleğini isteyerek yapan, etik eğitimi aldığını belirten ve etik ikilemi çözebilen hekimlerin etik duyarlılığının daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu bulguların, özellikle ortopedi ve travmatoloji disiplinindeki hekimlere yönelik etik açısından bütüncül yaklaşımı temel alan modelleri geliştirilmesinden kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, tıp ve uzmanlık eğitiminde sürekliliği olan etik eğitimlerin verilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ortopedi ve travmatoloji disiplini; etik duyarlılık; hekim
REFERENCES:
  1. Demirhan Erdemir A. 21. yüzyılda tıpta ana gelişmelere genel bakış. Tıp Tarihi. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2014. p.18.
  2. Karaman H. Ebû Bekir Er-Râzî ve tıp etiği ilkeleri [Abu Bakr Al-Razi (Rhazes) and medical ethics]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2006;14(1):9-15. [Link] 
  3. Goethals S, Gastmans C, de Casterlé BD. Nurses' ethical reasoning and behaviour: a literature review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2010;47(5):635-50. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Yıldırım G, Kadıoğlu S. Etik ve tıp etiği temel kavramları [Basic concepts of ethics and medical ethics]. CU Journal of the Faculty of Medicine. 2007;29(2):7-12. [Link] 
  5. Cevizci A. Etiğe giriş. Uygulamalı Etik. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Say Yayınları; 2013. p.19.
  6. Avcı K. Hekimlerin sosyal medya kullanımı ve etik [Physicians' social media use and ethics]. Turkish Journal of Public Health. 2018;16(1):48-57. [Crossref] 
  7. Lützén K, Blom T, Ewalds-Kvist B, Winch S. Moral stress, moral climate and moral sensitivity among psychiatric professionals. Nurs Ethics. 2010;17(2):213-24. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Hurst SA, Perrier A, Pegoraro R, Reiter-Theil S, Forde R, Slowther AM, et al. Ethical difficulties in clinical practice: experiences of European doctors. J Med Ethics. 2007;33(1):51-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  9. Şahin N, Demirhan Erdemir A. Ortopedik cerrahide etik sorunlar ve olgu örnekleri [Ethical problems and case studies in orthopedic surgery]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2011;31(5):1298-305. [Crossref] 
  10. Varkey B. Principles of clinical ethics and their application to practice. Med Princ Pract. 2021;30(1):17-28. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. Tosun H. Determining sensivity of the nurses and the physicians against the ethic dilemmas which experinced at the health care practises [dissertation]. İstanbul (Turkey): İstanbul University Health Sciences Institute; 2005. p.47. Erişim tarihi: 16.09.2022 [Link] 
  12. Tosun H. Ahlaki Duyarlılık Anketi (ADA): Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik uyarlaması [Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ): Turkish adaptation of the validity and reliabilit]. J Contemp Med. 2018;8(4):316-21. [Crossref] 
  13. Gözükara-Bağ H, Alpar R. Çok boyutlu ölçekleme. Alpar R. Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Yöntemler. 4. Baskı. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık; 2013. p.848-51.
  14. Güneş T. Investigation of the knowledge and attitude of physical restriction of physicians working in intensive care in terms of ethical dilemma [dissertation]. İstanbul (Turkey): Biruni University Health Sciences Institute; 2019. p.33. Erişim tarihi: 16.09.2022 [Link] 
  15. Özgönül ML, Daloğlu M, Akdemir M, Erengin KH, Şenol Y. İntörn doktorların etik duyarlılık düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörler [Moral sensitivity of interns and affecting factors]. Medical Education World. 2020;19(57):55-63. [Crossref] 
  16. Pean CA, Premkumar A, Pean MA, Ihejirika-Lomedico R, Woolley PM, McLaurin T, et al. Global orthopaedic surgery: an ethical framework to prioritize surgical capacity building in low and middle-income countries. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019;101(13):e64. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Yılmaz D, Düzgün F, Uzelli Yılmaz D, Akın Korhan E, Dikmen Y. Dahili kliniklerde görev yapan hemşirelerin etik duyarlılıklarının ve etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi: üniversite hastanesi örneği [Examination of ethical sensitivity and related factors of nurses in internal clinics: an example of university hospital]. DEUHFED. 2018;11(2):157-63.
  18. Başak T, Uzun Ş, Arslan F. Yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin etik duyarlılıklarının incelenmesi [Investigation of the moral sensibility of intensive care nurses]. Gulhane Med J. 2010;52(2):76-81. [Link] 
  19. Öztürk H, Hintistan S, Kasım S, Candaş B. Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde hekim ve hemşirelerin etik duyarlılığı [Ethical sensitivity of physicians and nurses in intensive care units]. Journal of Intensive Care Nursing. 2009;13(2):77-84. [Link] 
  20. Pekcan HS. The ethics sensitivity of the doctors and nurses working in yalova and its region [Yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Bölümü; 2007. p.27.
  21. Borhani F, Abbaszadeh A, Mohamadi E, Ghasemi E, Hoseinabad-Farahani MJ. Moral sensitivity and moral distress in Iranian critical care nurses. Nurs Ethics. 2017;24(4):474-82. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Nejadsarvari N, Abbasi M, Borhani F, Ebrahimi A, Rasooli H, Kalantar Motamedi MH, et al. Relationship of moral sensitivity and distress among physicians. Trauma Mon. 2015;20(2):e26075. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Pregraduation Medical Education. National Core Training Education Program (UÇEP) 2020. p.136. Available from: [Link] 
  24. Kurt E, Ersoy M, Namal F. Investigation of some ethical education curriculum of medicine in Turkey. Electronic Turkish Studies. 2015;10(11):1071-82. [Crossref] 
  25. World Federation for Medical Education (WFME). Basic Medical Education WFME Global Standards for Quality Improvement-The 2012 Revision. Available from: [Link] 
  26. Lee HL, Huang SH, Huang CM. Evaluating the effect of three teaching strategies on student nurses' moral sensitivity. Nurs Ethics. 2017;24(6):732-43. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Yeom HA, Ahn SH, Kim SJ. Effects of ethics education on moral sensitivity of nursing students. Nurs Ethics. 2017;24(6):644-52. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Üzar Özçetin YS, Hiçdurmaz D. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin ahlaki duyarlılıkları ile ilişkili faktörler [The related factors of moral sensitivity in nursing students]. DEUHFED. 2018;11(3):209-17. [Link] 
  29. Civaner M, Sarikaya O, Balcioğlu H. Uzmanlik eğitiminde tip etiği [Medical ethics in residency training]. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2009;9(2):132-8. [PubMed] 
  30. Roberts LW, Green Hammond KA, Geppert CM, Warner TD. The positive role of professionalism and ethics training in medical education: a comparison of medical student and resident perspectives. Acad Psychiatry. 2004;28(3):170-82. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Spike JP. Residency education in clinical ethics and professionalism: not just what, but when, where, and how ought residents be taught? Am J Bioeth. 2006;6(4):23-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Tazegün A, Çelebioğlu A. Çocuk hemşirelerinin etik duyarlılık düzeyleri ve etkileyen faktörler [Ethical sensitivity levels of pediatric nurses and effective factors]. İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hast Dergisi. 2016;6(2):97-102. [Crossref] 
  33. Koyun A, Akgün Ş, Özvarış ŞB. Do physicians experience gender discrimination in medical specialization in Turkey? Journal of Human Sciences. 2013;10(2):521-31. [Link] 
  34. Kalaycıoğlu DB. 1987'den 2017'ye hekimlerin uzmanlık alanı tercih değişimleri [Changes in physicians' specalization preferences from 1987 to 2017]. Medical Education World. 2020;19(59):157-70. [Crossref] 
  35. Çopuroğlu C, Ulusam A, Özcan M, Çiftdemir M. Ortopedist olmak için erkek cinsiyet flart mıdır? [Is male gender mandatory to be an orthopedist?] Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2011;44(6). [Link] 

.: Up To Date

Login



Contact


Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com