Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
A Traditional Review of the Role of Nutrition in the Autism Spectrum Disorder
Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğunda Beslenmenin Rolü Üzerine Geleneksel Bir Derleme
Merve Esra ÇITAR DAZIROĞLUa, Adviye Gülçin SAĞDIÇOĞLU CELEPa, Cansu ÖZTÜRKb
aDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, TURKEY
bDepartment of Language and Speech Therapy, Yüksek İhtisas University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, TURKEY
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(4):965-72
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2021-82125
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder associated with individuals' inability to verbally and nonverbally communicate with their environment. ASD is accompanied by a number of neurological problems and immune disorders and various non-neurological comorbidities such as gastrointestinal system abnormalities. Besides, various nutritional problems, such as food selectivity, food rejection, food allergies and chewing and swallowing problems can be observed in these individuals. In addition to these nutritional problems, elimination diets like gluten-free and/or casein-free diet, specific carbohydrate diet, ketogenic diet and low oxalate diet, applied for therapeutic purposes greatly affect the nutritional status in ASD. Since these diets are aimed at eliminating various nutrients from the diet depending on their content, special care should be taken to ensure that individuals receive sufficient energy and nutrients. When necessary, it may be beneficial to supplement various vitamins and minerals, antioxidants, probiotic and omega-3 fatty acids under expert control. Especially, since children with ASD have inadequate dietary antioxidant intake and highly oxidative stress, antioxidant intake must be followed meticulously. Considering all this, since the effect of nutrition in ASD is very important and there is not enough information yet, it can be said that nutritional interventions should be made depending on the symptoms of the individual with ASD. It should be kept in mind that ASD symptoms can be alleviated with nutritional interventions. In this review, various nutritional problems, different dietary treatments and supplements in individuals with ASD are explained.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; diet, food, and nutrition; dietary supplements; antioxidants
ÖZET
 Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), bireylerin çevreleriyle sözlü ve sözlü olmayan iletişim kuramamaları ile ilişkili bir gelişimsel bozukluktur. OSB'ye birtakım nörolojik ve bağışıklık sistemi problemi ile gastrointestinal sistem anormallikleri gibi çeşitli nörolojik olmayan komorbiditeler eşlik etmektedir. Aynı zamanda bu bireylerde besin seçiciliği, besin reddi, besin alerjileri ve çiğneme ve yutma bozuklukları gibi çeşitli beslenme sorunları da görülebilmektedir. Beslenme sorunlarına ek olarak, tedavi amaçlı uygulanan glutensiz ve/veya kazeinsiz diyet, spesifik karbonhidrat diyeti, ketojenik diyet ve düşük oksalatlı diyet gibi eliminasyon diyetleri de beslenme durumunu büyük ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu diyetler, içeriklerine bağlı olarak çeşitli besin maddelerini diyetten çıkarmayı amaçladığından, bireylerin yeterli enerji ve besin ögelerini almalarına özen gösterilmelidir. Gerektiğinde çeşitli vitamin ve mineralleri, antioksidanları, probiyotik ve omega-3 yağ asitlerini uzman kontrolünde takviye etmek faydalı olabilir. Özellikle otizmli çocuklarda oksidatif stresin yüksek, buna karşılık diyet antioksidan alımının yetersiz olmasından dolayı diyet antioksidan alımı da titizlikle takip edilmelidir. Tüm bunlar göz önüne alındığında, OSB'de beslenmenin etkisi çok büyüktür; fakat henüz bu alanda yeterli bir literatür bilgisi bulunmadığı için OSB olan bireyin, semptomlarına bağlı olarak beslenme müdahalelerinin yapılması gerektiği ve OSB belirtilerinin, beslenme müdahaleleri ile hafifletilebileceği unutulmamalıdır. Bu derlemede, OSB olan bireylerde görülen çeşitli beslenme sorunları ve uygulanan farklı diyet tedavileri ile destekler açıklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Otizm spektrum bozukluğu; diyet, besin ve beslenme; besin destekleri; antioksidanlar
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4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com