Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Özel Gereksinimli Çocukların Fiziksel Sağlık Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi: Tanımlayıcı Kesitsel Çalışma
Investigation of Physical Health Characteristics of Children with Special Needs: Descriptive Sectional Study
Ayşe Nur OYMAK SOYSALa , Şehmus ASLANb
aPamukkale Üniversitesi Sarayköy Meslek Yüksekokulu, Terapi ve Rehabilitasyon Bölümü, Denizli, Türkiye
bPamukkale Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bölümü, Denizli, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2025;17(2):130-6
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2024-107130
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı özel gereksinimli çocukların fiziksel sağlık özelliklerini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ataşehir Özel Eğitim Meslek Okulu ve Tuzla Vala Gedik Özel Eğitim Meslek Okulu'nda eğitim gören 12-18 yaş aralığında bulunan 159 kız ve erkek öğrenci 2023 yılı aralık ayında yüz yüze yapılan değerlendirme ile taranmıştır. Değerlendirmede özel gereksinimli çocuklar için düzenlenen Özel Olimpiyatlar kapsamında geliştirilmiş olan Special Olympics FUNfitness kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda öğrencilerin yaş, cinsiyet, herhangi bir spor ile uğraşıp uğraşmadıkları bilgileri kaydedildikten sonra yardımcı cihaz kullanımları, sahip oldukları hastalık ve sakatlık bilgileri sorulmuştur. Special Olympics FUNfitness ile hamstring, gastrosoleus ve kalça fleksör kaslarının esnekliğini, omuz eklemi esnekliğini, bacak, karın ve üst ekstremite kaslarının kuvvetini, dengeyi ve aerobik kapasite değerlendirilmiştir. Öğrencilere esneklik, kuvvet ve aerobik egzersiz yapma sıklığını sorulmuştur. Her değerlendirme parametresi sonuçlarına göre eğitime ihtiyaç duyulup duyulmadığını kapsamaktadır. Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 15,72±1,35 olan 66'sı (%41,5) kız, 93'ü (%58,5) erkek öğrenci çalışmaya katılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre öğrencilerin %86,2'sinin esneklik eğitimine ihtiyaç duyduğu saptanmıştır. Yüzde 73'ününde kas zayıflığı tespit edilirken, %82,4 denge testlerinde yeterlilik gösteremedikleri bulunmuştur. Yüzde 66'sı ise herhangi bir spor ile uğraşmamaktadır. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak çalışmamız özel gereksinimli çocukların esneklik, kas kuvveti ve denge gibi fiziksel sağlık parametreleri konusunda eğitime ihtiyaç duyduklarını ve yetersizliklerinin global verilerin üzerinde olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu nedenle özel gereksinimli çocuklar için egzersiz ve eğitim programları düzenlenmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Fiziksel sağlık; özel gereksinimli çocuklar; Special Olympics FUNfitness
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the physical health characteristics of children with special needs. Material and Methods: 159 male and female students between the ages of 12- 18 studying at Ataşehir Special Education Vocational School and Tuzla Vala Gedik Special Education Vocational School were screened with a face-to-face evaluation in December 2023. Special Olympics FUNfitness, developed within the scope of the Special Olympics organized for children with special needs, was used in the evaluation. In this context, the students' age, gender, involvement in any sports, use of assistive devices, their illnesses and injuries were recorded. The flexibility of the hamstring, gastrosoleus and hip flexor muscles, shoulder joint flexibility, leg, abdominal and upper extremity muscle strength, balance and aerobic capacity were evaluated. Students were asked about their flexibility, strength and frequency of aerobic exercise. Each evaluation parameter covers whether training is needed based on its results. Results: 66 (41.5%) female and 93 (58.5%) male students, with an average age of 15.72±1.35, participated in the study. According to the results, it was determined that 86.2% of the students needed flexibility training. While 73% of them were found to have muscle weakness, 82.4% were found to be unable to demonstrate proficiency in balance tests. 66% of them do not engage in any sports. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study showed that students with special needs need training on physical health parameters such as flexibility, muscle strength and balance, and their inadequacies exceed global data. Therefore, exercise and education programs should be organized for children with special needs.

Keywords: Children with special needs; physical health; Special Olympics FUNfitness
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