Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Internal Medicine

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Patient Activity and Lifestyle Change in Individuals with Diabetes: A Descriptive Research
Diyabetli Bireylerde Hasta Aktifliği ve Yaşam Tarzı Değişikliği: Tanımlayıcı Bir Araştırma
Bahar ÇİÇEK UYUNMAZa , Dilek BÜYÜKKAYA BESENb
aDepartment of Nursing, Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Health Sciences, İzmir, Türkiye
bDepartment of Nursing, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Nursing, İzmir, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Intern Med. 2023;8(2):39-49
doi: 10.5336/intermed.2022-94507
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
Objective: The study is a descriptive study conducted to determine the ability to adapt to lifestyle changes that are important in preventing complications in individuals with Type 2 diabetes, the causes of non-compliance, and their relationship with patient activity. Material and Methods: Hundred and eighty patients with Type 2 diabetes constitued the sample of this research. The data were collected using ''socio-demographic features form'', ''Lifestyle Change Questionnaire'' and ''Patient Activity Measure (PAM)''. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, Mann-Whitney U test, and t-test. Results: Of the individuals in this study, 63.9% (n=115) were female, 61.7% (n=111) were primary school graduates, 67.2% (n=121) were not working, 66.1% (n=119) equal to income, 41.1% (n=74) did not receive any diabetes education, 38.9% (n=70) have hypertension and 7.8% (n=14) have heart failure and 53.3% (n=96) evaluated health perception as worse. Individuals 78.3% (n=141) do not comply with the diet, 82.2% (n=148) had no physical activity, 52,8% (n=95) never check regular blood sugar, and 65.6% (n=118) never took care of their feet. Individuals with high PAM were found to be significantly better at adapting to lifestyle changes (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings show that the majority of people with Type 2 diabetes do not adapt to lifestyle changes. Methods that will increase the motivation of individuals, mobilize them, produce solutions according to work intensities and remedies to their economic inadequacies should be tried. In addition, planning, training and support should be provided to increase the activity level of people with diabetes.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes; complications; lifestyle changes; patient activation
ÖZET
Amaç: Çalışma, Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerde komplikasyonları önlemede önemli olan yaşam tarzı değişikliklerine uyum sağlama yeteneği, uyumsuzluk nedenleri ve hasta aktifliği ile ilişkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmış tanımlayıcı bir araştırmadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırmanın örneklemini, Tip 2 diyabetli 180 hasta oluşturmuştur. Veriler, ''sosyodemografik özellikler formu'', ''Yaşam Tarzı Değişiklik Anketi'' ve ''Hasta Aktiflik Ölçeği [Patient Activity Measure (PAM)]'' kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemler ve t-testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin %63,9'u (n=115) kadın, %61,7'si (n=111) ilkokul mezunu, %67,2'si (n=121) çalışmıyor, %66,1'inin (n=119) geliri giderine eşit olduğu, %41,1'inin (n=74) herhangi bir diyabet eğitimi almadığı, %38,9'unun (n=70) hipertansiyon, %7,8'inin (n=14) kalp yetersizliği olduğu ve %53,3'ünün (n=96) sağlığı algılamasını kötü olarak değerlendirdiği bulunmuştur. Bireylerin %78,3'ünün (n=141) diyetine hiçbir zaman uymadığı, %82,2'sinin (n=148) hiçbir zaman fiziksel aktivite yapmadığı, %52,8'inin (n=95) düzenli kan şekerine hiçbir zaman bakmadığı ve %65,6'sının (n=118) hiçbir zaman ayak bakımını yapmadığı bulunmuştur. Yüksek PAM'li bireylerin yaşam tarzı değişikliklerine uyum sağlamada önemli ölçüde daha iyi olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Sonuç: Bulgularımız Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerin büyük çoğunluğunun yaşam tarzı değişikliklerine uyum sağlayamadığını göstermektedir. Bireylerin motivasyonunu artıracak, harekete geçirecek, iş yoğunluklarına göre çözüm üretecek ve ekonomik yetersizliklerine çare olacak yöntemler denenmelidir. Ayrıca diyabetli bireylerin aktivite düzeylerinin artırılması için planlama, eğitim ve destek sağlanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Tip 2 diyabet; komplikasyonlar; yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri; hasta aktifliği
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