Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
Sirkadiyen Ritim, Sağlık ve Beslenme İlişkisi
Circadian Rhythm, Health and Nutrition Relationship: Review
Saniye SÖZLÜa, Nevin ŞANLIERa
aBeslenme ve Diyetetik AD, Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ankara
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2017;2(2):100-9
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2015-48902
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Sirkadiyen ritim; dünyanın kendi ekseni etrafında yaklaşık 24 saat süren dönüşünün canlılar üzerinde oluşturduğu biyokimyasal, fizyolojik ve davranışsal ritimlerin tekrar edilmesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Sirkadiyen sistemler bir hiyerarşi içinde olup, merkezi ve perifer olmak üzere iki yapı tarafından kontrol edilmektedir. Hipotalamusta yer alan merkezi zamanlayıcı suprakiazmatik nükleus (SCN) için ışık en önemli zamanlayıcıdır. Işığın yanı sıra melatonin, sıcaklık, jet-lag ve vardiya değişim durumu da ritmi etkileyen etmenler arasındadır. Karaciğer, pankreas, iskelet kasını içine alan birçok periferal doku içerisindeki periferik zamanlayıcılar SCN'den gelen sinyaller ile yönetilmektedir. Ancak, SCN ile birlikte beslenme de periferal dokular için potansiyel bir zamanlayıcıdır. ''Yanlış'' sirkadiyen zamanda enerji alımı sonucu gelişen sirkadiyen bozulma, vücut ağırlığının artışına neden olabilir ve bu durum beslenme zamanının sirkadiyen bozulma ile görülen metabolik bozulmaya katkı sağlayan önemli bir faktör olduğunu destekler. Modern teknoloji ile beraber vardiyalı ve gece çalışan işçi sayısı artmakta, bunun paralelinde yanlış sirkadiyen zamanda beslenme sıklığı da artabilmektedir. Sirkadiyen ritmin düzensizliği metabolik sendrom, obezite ve Tip 2 diyabetin başlangıcı, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, vücut ağırlığı ve lipit düzeyleri ile ilişkilidir. Beslenme, hem saat çıktısı hem de periferal dokular için saat girdisi olan sirkadiyen bir olaydır. Grelin, leptin, glukoz, insülin aracılığıyla periferik dokulardan beyne geri dönüş yaptığı için sirkadiyen beslenme metabolik denge için önemli olan metabolizma ve saatin iç içe geçmesine katkı sağlar. Bu nedenle bu çalışma insanlar üzerindeki biyolojik döngüleri, beslenme durumlarını tanımlamak ve hastalıklar üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla planlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sirkadiyen ritim; beslenme bilimleri; metabolizma
ABSTRACT
Circadian rhythm is the every 24 hours repetition of biochemical, physiologic and behavioural rhythms that are generated by the 24-hours rotation of the earth around its own axis. Circadian systems are hierarchic and they are controlled by two structures which are called central and peripheral. Light is the most important timer for suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the central timer located in the hypothalamus. In addition to light, there are also other factors affecting the rhythm such as melatonin, temperature, jet-lag and shift change. Peripheral timers within many peripheral tissues that include liver, pancreas and skeletal muscle are managed by signals coming from SCN. However, nutrition, as well as SCN, is also a potential zeitgeber for peripheral tissues. Circadian disruption due to energy intake in ''wrong'' circadian time may result in weight gain; thus, this phenomenon supports the idea that nutrition time is an important factor that leads to metabolic disruption occurring with circadian disruption. With modern technology, the number of night and shift workers is increasing; thus accordingly, nutrition in wrong circadian time may become more frequent. Circadian rhythm disorder is related to metabolic syndrome, obesity and Type 2 diabetes onset, as well as cardiovascular diseases, bodyweight and lipid levels. Nutrition is a circadian action, which has both time output, and time input for peripheral tissues. Circadian nutrition, as it returns to the brain from peripheral tissues via ghrelin, leptin, glucose, insulin, contributes to intertwinement of metabolism and time, which is significant for metabolic balance. This compilation, thus, has been planned with a view to define biologic cycle, nutrition cases as well as to examine their effects on diseases.

Keywords: Circadian rhythm; nutritional sciences; metabolism

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30.03.2014

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