Thoracic Diseases and the Future

Solunumsal Hastalıklar İçin Geleceğin Risk Faktörleri
Risk Factors for Respiratory Diseases in Future
Selma METİNTAŞa
aEskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Halk Sağlığı ABD, Eskişehir, Türkiye
Metintaş S. Solunumsal hastalıklar için geleceğin risk faktörleri. Erbaycu AE, editör. Göğüs Hastalıkları ve Gelecek. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2022. p.8-17.
Article Language: TR
ÖZET
Solunum sistemi hastalıkları dünya ölçeğinde en sık görülen akut ve kronik hastalıklar arasında yer almaktadır. Önde gelen solunum sistemi hastalıkları olan alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonları, akciğer tüberkülozu, kronik akciğer hastalıkları, akciğer kanseri ve pnömokonyozlar birlikte ele alındığında, 2000 yılında her beş ölümden, 2022 yılında her altı ölümden birisinin nedeni solunum sistemi hastalığından kaynaklandığı dikkati çekmektedir. 2040 yıl için de durum benzer olacak, tüberküloz ölümleri dışında akciğer hastalıkları nedenli ölümlerde azalma olmayacaktır. Kronik solunum yolu hastalıkları için risk faktörlerinin yaygın olduğu bilinmektedir. Dünyada en az iki milyar kişi katı yakıt kullanımının toksik etkilerine, bir milyar kişi dış ortam hava kirliliğine maruz kalmakta, bir milyar kişi sigara içicisi olup, bu sayıya neredeyse eşit büyüklükte insan ikinci el sigara dumanının zararlarına maruz kalmaktadır. Toplumların yaşlanması, nüfus artışı ve kentleşme, yoksullaşma, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde tütün kullanımının artan yaygınlığı, hava kirliliği, mesleki risk faktörleri ve yeni solunum sistemi enfeksiyon etkenleriyle oluşan pandemiler gelecekte solunum sistemi hastalıkları yükünün artmasındaki olası nedenler olarak görünmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Solunum sistemi hastalıkları; risk faktörleri; gelecek
ABSTRACT
Respiratory system diseases are among the most common acute and chronic diseases worldwide. When the main respiratory system diseases are lower respiratory tract infections, tuberculosis, chronic lung diseases, trachea/bronchus/lung cancer and pneumoconiosis, the cause of every five deaths in 2000 and one out of every six deaths in 2022 is caused by respiratory system disease. Similarly, no decrease will be expected in 2040, except for tuberculosis deaths. It is known that risk factors for chronic respiratory diseases are common. At least 2 billion people in the world are exposed to the toxic effects of solid fuel use, 1 billion people are exposed to outdoor air pollution, 1 billion people are smokers and the individuals around them are almost equally exposed to the harms of second-hand cigarette smoke. Possible reasons for increasing the burden of respiratory system diseases in the future; aging of societies, population growth and urbanization, impoverishment, increasing prevalence of tobacco use, especially in developing countries, air pollution, occupational risk factors and pandemics of new respiratory system infection.

Keywords: Respiratory diseases; risk factors; future

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