Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: REVIEW
Vatansızlık ve Iskartaya Çıkarılan Sağlık: Geleneksel Derleme
Statelessness and Discarded Health: Traditional Review
Cem Hakan BAŞARANa
aEskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik ABD, Eskişehir, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2022;30(2):209-20
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2021-87443
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Sağlık hakkı, temel insan hakları yaklaşımı içerisinde ele alınmalıdır. Uluslararası sözleşmeler ve bildirgelerde, sağlık hakkının öznesinin herkes olduğu açıkça tanımlanmasına rağmen bugün sosyoekonomik ve politik nedenlerle bu hakkın yalnızca bir retorikten ibaret kaldığına tanıklık etmekteyiz. Yerel ve küresel sağlık politikalarının iç içe geçtiği günümüzde, sağlık hakkı ilkelerinin, insan haklarının doğası ve bunların etrafında inşa edilmesi gerekliliği hakkında bitmemiş felsefi, politik ve yasal tartışmalar şimdilik bitmeyecek gibi gözükmektedir. Politik öznelikleri olmayan vatansız kişilerin, devletlerin biyopolitik çıkarlarına alet olduğu ve onların gerçekte insandan daha aşağıya indirgenen yaşamlarının hümaniteryen faaliyetlerle meşrulaştırıldığı iddia edilmektedir. Vatansızlık, birçok ülkede kişileri kamplarda yahut şehirlerde düşük ücretlerle ve sigortasız çalışmak ve sağlık güvencesi olmadan yaşamaya mahkûm etmiş ve onları toplumların günah keçileri hâline getirmiştir. Bazı kamplarda ve bölgelerde insani yaşam koşullarından uzak, hatta sağlıklarını bozacak bir iklimde yaşamak durumunda kalan vatansız kişilerin, birçok ülkede sağlık hakları acil bakım düzeyine indirgenmiştir. Sonuç olarak dünyanın her yerinde ıskarta hayatlar birikmiş ve sağlıkları da zaten önemsiz zannedilen hayatlarına mukabil ıskartaya çıkarılmıştır. Hukuki statüleri ne olursa olsun kişiler (vatansız, mülteci, şartlı mülteci, sığınmacı, göçmen veya belgesiz göçmen), birçok ülkede hastalandıklarında tedaviye ulaşabilmek için haysiyetlerini alt-üst eden bir dizi prosedür veya engellerle karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada, konuya yönelik bir literatür derlenmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Mülteci; sağlık hakkı; tıp etiği; biyopolitika; göç ve sağlık
ABSTRACT
 The right to health should be addressed within the basic human rights approach. Although international conventions and declarations define clearly that the subject of the right to health is everyone, today we witness that this right has remained limited to the rhetoric realm because of socioeconomic and political reasons. In today's world where local and global health policies are intertwined; the philosophical, political and legal debates about building the right to health principles around the nature of human rights seem to be endless for now. It is claimed that stateless persons who aren't political subjects, are tools for the biopolitical interests of states. Their lives, which are actually reduced as less than human, are legitimized by humanitarian activities. In many countries, statelessness has condemned people to work in cities for low wages without health insurance or to live in camps and has made them the scapegoats of societies. In many countries, health rights of stateless people who have to live in an environment far from humane living conditions in some camps and regions, even deteriorating their health, have been reduced to the level of emergency care. As a result, discarded lives have accumulated all over the world, and their health has been discarded in response to their lives, which were already thought to be worthless. Regardless of their legal status (e.g., stateless, refugee, conditional refugee, asylum seeker, immigrant, or undocumented immigrant) people in many countries face a series of procedures or barriers that undermine their dignity in order to access treatment when they fall ill. In this study, literature on the subject has been tried to be compiled.

Keywords: Refugee; right to health; medical ethics; biopolitics; migration and health
REFERENCES:
  1. World Health Organization. Basic documents. 49th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. [Cited December 12, 2020]. Available from: [Link] 
  2. The Alma-Ata conference on primary health care. WHO Chron. 1978;32(11):409-30. [PubMed] 
  3. Asher J, Hamm D, Sheather J. Right to Health: A Toolkit for Health Professionals. London: British Medical Association; 2007. [Link] 
  4. Evans T. A human right to health? Third World Q. 2002;23(2):197-215. [Crossref] 
  5. Ekmekçi PE, Arda B. Temel etik kuramlar açısından adalet ve sağlık hakkı kavramlarının değerlendirmesi [An evaluation of justice and right to health concepts in the perspectives of ethical theories]. Turk Klin Tip Etigi Hukuku Tarihi. 2015;23(1):6-21. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  6. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, François-Xavier Bagnoud Center for Health and Human Rights. Public health: an introduction. In: Mann JM, Gruskin S, Grodin MA, Annas GJ, eds. Health and Human Rights: A Reader. 1st ed. New York: Routledge; 1999. p.29-34.
  7. Mann JM. Public health. Leadership is a global issue. Lancet. 1997;350 Suppl 3:SIII23. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Freedman LP. Reflections on emerging frameworks of health and human rights. Health and Human Rights. 1995:314-48. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  9. UN Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights. General comment no. 14 (2000), The right to the highest attainable standard of health (article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights); 2000. [Link] 
  10. United Nations General Assembly. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. UN General Assembly; 1948;302(2):14-25. [Cited: Apr 14, 2021]. Available from: [Link] 
  11. Erdoğan G. Avrupa Sosyal Şartı ve Gözden Geçirilmiş Avrupa Sosyal Şartı [The European Social Charter and the Revised European Social Charter]. Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi. 2008(78):123-65. [Link] 
  12. Avrupa Birliği Türkiye Delegasyonu [İnternet]. © 2022 Avrupa Birliği Türkiye Delegasyonu. [Erişim tarihi: 12 Şubat 2021]. Avrupa Birliği Temel Haklar Şartı (2001). Erişim linki: [Link] 
  13. Hiçdurmaz Z, Yüksel H. Sağlık hakkı perspektifinde Avrupa'da yaşayan düzensiz göçmenlerin sağlık hizmetlerine erişimi [Access to health services for irregular migrants living in Europe from the perspective of the right to health]. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences. 2020;19(1):37-60. [Crossref] 
  14. Temiz Ö. Türk hukukunda bir temel hak olarak sağlık hakkı [Right to health: a fundamental right under Turkish law]. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi. 2014;69(1):165-88. [Crossref] 
  15. Magnusson M, Jama IZ. Cultural mediators are needed to fulfill Right to health for all. Eur J Public Health. 2020;30(Suppl 5). [Crossref] 
  16. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), World Health Organization. The Right to Health. Factsheet no. 31. United Nations Geneva: WHO Press; 2008. [Link] 
  17. United Nations General Assembly. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations: New York, NY, USA: 2015. [Cited; Apr 12, 2021]. Available from: [Link] 
  18. World Health Organization [Internet]. © 2022 WHO. [Cited: May 12, 2021]. Human Rights and Health, 2017. Available from: [Link] 
  19. World Health Organization. Joint United Nations statement on ending discrimination in health care settings. World Health Organization; 2017. [Cited: May 13, 2021]. Available from: [Link] 
  20. Chapman AR. Health Care Reform: A Human Rights Approach. 1st ed. Washington, D.C: Georgetown University Press; 1994.
  21. Dupuy RJ. Le Droit à la Santé en Tant que Droit de L'homme. 1st ed. Alphen aan den Rijn: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1979. [Crossref] 
  22. Hunt P. Interpreting the international right to health in a human rights-based approach to health. Health Hum Rights. 2016;18(2):109-30. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Fuenzalida-Puelma HL, Connor SS. The right to health in the Americas: a comparative constitutional study. Washington, D.C: Pan American Health Organization; 1989. [Link] 
  24. First World Congress On Migration, Ethnicity, Race, And Health [Internet]. 2022 Migration, Ethnicity, Race & Health World Congress. [Cited: May 14, 2021]. Edinburgh Declaration 2018. Available from: [Link] 
  25. Bhopal R, Gruer L, Agyemang C, Davidovitch N, de-Graft Aikins A, Krasnik A, et al. The Global Society on Migration, Ethnicity, Race and Health: why race can't be ignored even if it causes discomfort. Eur J Public Health. 2021;31(1):3-4. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Veatch RM. Justice and the right to health care: an egalitarian account. In: Bolelll TJ, Bondeson WB, eds. Rights to Health Care. 1st ed. Dordrecht: Springer; 1991. p.83-102. [Crossref] 
  27. Hayek FA, ed. Eedoğan M, çeviri editörü. Kanun, Yasama Faaliyeti ve Özgürlük: Sosyal Adalet Serabı. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Yayını; 1995. p.145-6.
  28. Tahmazoğlu Üzeltürk S. Anayasa Hukuku Açısından Sağlık Hakkı. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Legal Yayıncılık; 2012. p.9.
  29. Staples VJ. What are human rights? Lancet. 1999;353(9164):1626. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Bolelll TJ. The rhetoric of rights and justice in health care. In: Bolelll TJ, Bondeson WB, eds. Rights to Health Care. 1st ed. Dordrecht: Springer; 1991. p.1-19. [Crossref] 
  31. Donnelly J, ed. Erdoğan M, Korkut L, çeviri editörleri. Teoride ve Uygulamada Evrensel İnsan Hakları. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Yetkin Yayınları; 1995. p.35, 41-2.
  32. Turhan A. İnsan hakkı kuşakları arasındaki tamamlayıcılık ilişkisi [Relationship of complementarity between the generations of human rights]. İnönü Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013;4(2):357-78. [Link] 
  33. Spiegelberg H. Human dignity: a challenge to contemporary philosophy. In: Gotesky R, Laszlo E, eds. Human dignity This Century and the Next. 1st ed. New York: Gordon and Breach; 1970. p.39-62. [Crossref] 
  34. Andorno R. Human dignity and human rights. In: ten Have HAMJ, Gordijn B, eds. Handbook of global bioethics. 1st ed. New York: Springer; 2014. p.45-57. [Crossref] 
  35. Andorno R. Human dignity and human rights as a common ground for a global bioethics. J Med Philos. 2009;34(3):223-40. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  36. Beyleveld D, Brownsword R. Human Dignity in Bioethics and Biolaw. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001. p.29.
  37. Tognoni G, Macchia A. Health as a human right: a fake news in a post-human world? Development (Rome). 2020:1-7. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  38. Marx K. On the Jewish question: Marxists Internet Archive; 1844. [Cited: Jun 14, 2021]. Available from: [Link] 
  39. Han BC, ed. Yalçın S, çeviri editörü. Yorgunluk Toplumu. 5. Baskı. İstanbul Açılım Kitap; 2019. p.30-3.
  40. Fassin D. Another politics of life is possible. Theory, Culture & Society. 2009;26(5):44-60. [Crossref] 
  41. Agamben G. Kutsal İnsan: Egemen İktidar ve Çıplak Hayat. 4. Baskı. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları; 2020. p. 113-27, 155, 158-61.
  42. Arendt H, ed. Şener BS, çeviri editörü. Totalitarizmin Kaynakları 2: Emperyalizm. 6. Baskı. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları; 2018. p.255-314.
  43. Redfield P. Doctors, borders, and life in crisis. Cultural Anthropology. 2005;20(3):328-61. [Crossref] 
  44. Gazzotti L. Deaths, Borders, and the exception: humanitarianism at the Spanish-Moroccan border. American Behavioral Scientist. 2020;64(4):408-35. [Crossref] 
  45. Vaughan-Williams N. Europe's Border Crisis: Biopolitical Security and Beyond. 1st ed. USA: Oxford University Press; 2015. p.16-85. [Crossref] 
  46. Juárez SP, Honkaniemi H, Dunlavy AC, Aldridge RW, Barreto ML, Katikireddi SV, et al. Effects of non-health-targeted policies on migrant health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(4):e420-35. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  47. El-Gamal S, Hanefeld J. Access to health-care policies for refugees and asylum-seekers. Int J Migr Health Soc Care. 2020;16(1):22-45. [Crossref] 
  48. Bozorgmehr K, Dieterich A, Offe J. UN concerned about the right to health for migrants in Germany. Lancet. 2019;393(10177):1202-3. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  49. Orcutt M, Mussa R, Hiam L, Veizis A, McCann S, Papadimitriou E, et al. EU migration policies drive health crisis on Greek islands. Lancet. 2020;395(10225):668-70. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  50. Tuomisto K, Tiittala P, Keskimäki I, Helve O. Refugee crisis in Finland: Challenges to safeguarding the right to health for asylum seekers. Health Policy. 2019;123(9):825-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  51. Rizkalla N, Arafa R, Mallat NK, Soudi L, Adi S, Segal SP. Women in refuge: Syrian women voicing health sequelae due to war traumatic experiences and displacement challenges. J Psychosom Res. 2020;129:109909. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  52. Sousa C, Akesson B, Badawi D. 'Most importantly, I hope God keeps illness away from us': the context and challenges surrounding access to health care for Syrian refugees in Lebanon. Glob Public Health. 2020;15(11):1617-26. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  53. Harkensee C, Andrew R. Health needs of accompanied refugee and asylum-seeking children in a UK specialist clinic. Acta Paediatr. 2021;110(8):2396-404. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  54. De Vito E, de Waure C, Specchia ML, Parente P, Azzolini E, Frisicale EM, et al. Are undocumented migrants' entitlements and barriers to healthcare a public health challenge for the European Union? Public Health Rev. 2016;37:13. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  55. UNHCR [Internet]. © UNHCR 2001-2022. [Cited: Jun 15, 2021]. Global Refugee Forum pledges collective action for better refugee inclusion, education, jobs. 2019. Available from: [Link] 
  56. Ooms G, Keygnaert I, Hammonds R. The right to health: from citizen's right to human right (and back). Public Health. 2019;172:99-104. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  57. Badiou A, ed. Birkan T, çeviri editörü. Etik: Kötülük Kavrayışı Üzerine Bir Deneme. 2. Baskı. İstanbul: Metis Yayınları; 2019. p.26-31.

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com