Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Veterinary Sciences

.: REVIEW
Sütçü Buzağılarda Çift Yetiştirme: Sistematik Derleme
Pair Housing in Dairy Calves: Systematic Review
Mustafa ÇAMa, Şeref İNALa
aSelçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Zootekni ABD, Konya, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci. 2021;12(2):102-8
doi: 10.5336/vetsci.2020-79027
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Süt sığırcılığında buzağılar çoğunlukla ilk 24 saat içinde annelerinden ayrılıp sütten kesilene kadar bireysel bakılırken, vahşi yaşamda ise annelerinin yanında sürü hâlinde yaşamaktadırlar. Buzağıların bağışıklık sistemi zayıf olduğundan dolayı bireysel yetiştirerek hastalık bulaşmasını azaltmak, birbirlerini emmelerinin ve rekabetin önüne geçmek amaçlanmaktadır. Erken dönemde küçük gruplar hâlinde bakılarak, sosyalleşmenin herhangi bir sağlık problemi oluşturmadan buzağının performansına ve refah seviyesine olumlu etkileri olduğu bilinmektedir. Buzağıları çift yetiştirme ise yaklaşık 20 yıldır uygulanmakta olup bu uygulamanın amacı, bireysel ve grup hâlinde bakılan buzağılarda görülebilecek olumsuz etkilerin önüne geçmektir. Mevcut bireysel buzağı bakılan bir sistemde küçük değişiklikler yapılarak çift yetiştirme metoduna rahatlıkla geçilebilmektedir. Yapılan çalışmaların birçoğunda çift yetiştirilen buzağıların süt emme döneminde sosyalleşmenin etkisiyle yem tüketiminde artış gözlemlenirken, günlük canlı ağırlık artışında pek bir değişiklik olmadığı görülmektedir. Çift yetiştirilen buzağıların performanslarında herhangi bir olumsuz etki görülmediği ve sütten kesim stresini daha az yaşadıkları görülmektedir. Erken yaşta sosyalleşmenin de etkisiyle sütten kesim sonrası karşılaşabilecekler yem, bakıcı, barınak ve işletme değişikliklerine karşı daha hızlı adapte olabileceklerdir. Erken sosyalleşen buzağıların refah seviyelerinin artmakta ve bu durum davranışlarına yansımaktadır. Bu derlemede, buzağıları çift yetiştirmenin sütten kesim sonrasına kadar olan dönemde performans, davranış, refah ve sağlık yönünden uygulanabilirliği hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Böylelikle ülkemizde bilinmeyen buzağıları çift yetiştirme hakkında çalışmalar yapılarak yetiştiriciler arasında yaygınlaştırılması amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Çift yetiştirme; buzağı barınakları; performans; refah; davranış; sağlık
ABSTRACT
 Calves used to live with their mother in wildlife. However, new-born calves are separated from their dam within 24 h in dairy farms. Then they mainly live individually in preweaning period due to proven benefits in terms of health, performance, and welfare of dairy calves. Socialization of calves with small groups in early period of their lives have been proved to improve their performance and health status without serious adverse effect. Pair housing of calves, recent dairy calf rearing systems discussed for 20 years, has emerged from the idea of preventing calves from possible adverse effects of both group and individual rearing. Construction of the rearing system is quite practical to assemble parts of outside fences of two individual hutches. Most studies about pair housing resulted in improving appetite and therefore starter intake despite any significant changes in body weight gain. Pair housed calves are less stressful and show less growth check throughout the weaning period. They are more able to modify their behaviours in cases of coping to new environments such as workers, barns or management procedures. Socialization of calves in early period improves calf welfare. The review is aimed to give comprehensive information about the performance, behaviour, welfare, and health of pair-housed calves.

Keywords: Pair housing; calf rearing; performance; welfare; behaviour; health
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