Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: RESEARCH
The Difficulties Experienced by Surgical Nurses in Elderly Patient Care on Ageism: Descriptive Research
Cerrahi Hemşirelerinin Yaşlı Hastaya Bakım Verirken Yaşadıkları Güçlüklerin Yaşlı Ayrımcılığına Etkisi: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
Meryem Türkan IŞIKa , Seda DUMANb
aDepartment of Fundamental Nursing, Mersin University Faculty of Nursing, Mersin, Türkiye
bMersin University Health Research and Application Center, Mersin, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2023;31(3):199-207
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2023-97299
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the difficulties experienced by surgical nurses in elderly patient care and the effect of these difficulties on ageism. The study sample consisted of 148 nurses who were working in the surgical departments of a university hospital between April and May 2019, who provided care to patients over 65 years of age and who agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected using a data collection form prepared based on the literature and the Ageism Attitude Scale (AAS). The results showed that the vast majority of the surgical nurses were worried about having health problems such as back and low-back pain and dropping the patient and more than half of them experienced work fatigue/burnout, which they considered as difficulties caused by nurses themselves. Also, almost all of them stated that not having sufficient number of nurses and support staff during care was a difficulty caused by the institution while not having sufficient care equipment was another for more than half of the nurses. It was determined that the surgical nurses' mean total score in the AAS was 66.74±6, with the highest score being 84 and the lowest score being 46. The findings revealed that, during the elderly care process, almost all of the surgical nurses in the study experienced difficulties that were caused by elderly patients, the institution, nurses themselves and surgical process, but they still had positive attitudes towards ageism despite these difficulties.

Keywords: Ageism; care; difficulty; surgery; nurse
ÖZET
 Araştırma, cerrahi hemşirelerinin yaşlı hasta bakımında yaşadığı güçlükler ve bu güçlüklerin yaşlı ayrımcılığına etkisini belirlemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı olarak yapıldı. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Mayıs-Haziran 2019 tarihleri arasında; bir üniversite hastanesinin cerrahi kliniklerinde çalışan 65 yaş üstü hastalara bakım veren ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 148 hemşire oluşturdu. Araştırmada, verilerin toplanmasında literatür ışığında oluşturulan veri toplama formu ve Yaşlı Ayrımcılığı Tutum Ölçeği kullanıldı. Araştırmada cerrahi hemşirelerinin, yaşlı bakım sürecinde tamamına yakını sırt, bel ağrısı gibi sağlık sorunları yaşama korkusunu, hastayı düşürme korkusunu, yarısından fazlasının iş yorgunluğu/tükenmişlik hissetmesini kendisinden, tamamına yakının bakım sırasında yeterli sayıda hemşire ve yardımcı personelin olmamasını, yarısından fazlasının bakım için yeterli araç gerecin olmamasını kurumdan kaynaklanan güçlükler olarak gördüğü belirlendi. Cerrahi hemşirelerinin Yaşlı Ayrımcılığı Tutum Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamasının 66,74±6, maksimum puanın 84 ve minimum puanın 46 olduğu belirlendi. Araştırma, cerrahi hemşirelerinin tamamına yakınının yaşlı bakım sürecinde yaşlı hastadan, kurumdan, kendisinden ve cerrahi süreçten kaynaklı çeşitli güçlükler yaşadığını, yaşanan bu güçlüklere rağmen yaşlı ayrımcılığına yönelik olumlu tutum sergilediklerini ortaya koydu.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yaşlı ayrımcılığı; bakım; güçlük; cerrahi; hemşire
REFERENCES:
  1. Khami L, Motalebi SA, Mohammadi F, Momeni M, Shahrokhi A. Can social support predict health-promoting behaviors among community-dwelling older adults? Social Health and Behavior. 2020;3(1):22-6. [Crossref] 
  2. Branding Türkiye [İnternet]. Branding Türkiye | Tüm Hakları Saklıdır © 2019 [Erişim tarihi: 22 Temmuz 2019]. TÜİK'ten İstatistiklerle Yaşlılar Raporu (2018). Erişim linki: [Link] 
  3. Murphy E. Patient safety and risk management. In: Rothrock JC, ed. Alexander's Care of the Patient in Surgery-E-Book. 6th ed. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2018. p.15-36.
  4. Eamer G, Al-Amoodi MJH, Holroyd-Leduc J, Rolfson DB, Warkentin LM, Khadaroo RG. Review of risk assessment tools to predict morbidity and mortality in elderly surgical patients. Am J Surg. 2018;216(3):585-94. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Rogers SE, Thrasher AD, Miao Y, Boscardin WJ, Smith AK. Discrimination in healthcare settings is associated with disability in older adults: health and retirement study, 2008-2012. J Gen Intern Med. 2015;30(10):1413-20. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  6. Ling XU, Chen Q, Zhang X. Difficulties of caregivers on nursing for elderly patients. Modern Clinical Nursing. 2017;16(4):7-10. [Link] 
  7. Banister C. The effect of ageism on older people and implications for nursing practice. Nurs Older People. 2018;30(5):34-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Turkey Healthy Aging Action Plan and Implementation Program 2015-2020. Accessed October 21, 2019. [Link] 
  9. Araujo de Carvalho I, Epping-Jordan J, Pot AM, Kelley E, Toro N, Thiyagarajan JA, et al. Organizing integrated health-care services to meet older people's needs. Bull World Health Organ. 2017;95(11):756-63. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  10. Hansson A, Svensson A, Ahlström BH, Larsson LG, Forsman B, Alsén P. Flawed communications: Health professionals' experience of collaboration in the care of frail elderly patients. Scand J Public Health. 2018;46(7):680-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Bulut E, Cilingir D. Attitudes of surgical nurses towards the elderly. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2016;19(4):253-9. [Link] 
  12. Gjorgjievski M, Ristevski B. Postoperative management considerations of the elderly patient undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Injury. 2020;51 Suppl 2:S23-S7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Mendonça FT, Lucena MC, Quirino RS, Govêia CS, Guimarães GMN. Fatores de risco para hipotermia pós‐operatória em sala de recuperação pós‐anestésica: estudo piloto prospectivo de prognóstico [Risk factors for postoperative hypothermia in the post-anesthetic care unit: a prospective prognostic pilot study]. Braz J Anesthesiol. 2019;69(2):122-30. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  14. Swift HJ, Abrams D, Lamont RA, Drury L. The risks of ageism model: How ageism and negative attitudes toward age can be a barrier to active aging. Social Issues and Policy Review. 2017;11(1):195-231. [Crossref] 
  15. Bodner E, Palgi Y, Wyman MF. Ageism in mental health assessment and treatment of older adults. In: Ayalon L, Tesch-Römer C, eds. Contemporary Perspectives on Ageism. 1st ed. Cham: Springer; 2018. p.241-62. [Crossref] 
  16. Suhonen R, Stolt M, Habermann M, Hjaltadottir I, Vryonides S, Tonnessen S, et al; RANCARE Consortium COST Action - CA 15208. Ethical elements in priority setting in nursing care: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;88:25-42. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Vefikuluçay YD, Terzioğlu F. Üniversite öğrencilerinde yaşlı ayrımcılığı tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik değerlendirilmesi [Development and psychometric evaluation of ageism attitude scale among the university students]. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics. 2011;14(3):259-68. [Link] 
  18. Wathan J, Higgins V, Elliot M, Browne W, Carlton C, Morales Gomez A, et al. Correlations in SPSS (Quiz and Practical). 2019. [Link] 
  19. Wu MW, Lee TT, Lai SM, Huang CY, Chang TH. Evaluation of electronic health records on the nursing process and patient outcomes regarding fall and pressure injuries. Comput Inform Nurs. 2019;37(11):573-82. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Cho H, Sagherian K, Scott LD, Steege LM. Occupational fatigue, workload and nursing teamwork in hospital nurses. J Adv Nurs. 2022;78(8):2313-26. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Yang G, Pan LY, Fu XL, Qing Z, Dong BH, Ye JM. Burnout and job stress of anesthesiologists in the tertiary class A hospitals in Northwest China: A cross-sectional design. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1140552. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  22. Meehan AJ, Maher AB, Brent L, Copanitsanou P, Cross J, Kimber C, et al. The International Collaboration of Orthopaedic Nursing (ICON): Best practice nursing care standards for older adults with fragility hip fracture. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs. 2019;32:3-26. Erratum in: Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs. 2021;40:100837. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Rush KL, Hickey S, Epp S, Janke R. Nurses' attitudes towards older people care: An integrative review. J Clin Nurs. 2017;26(23-4):4105-16. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. de Almeida Tavares JP, da Silva AL, Sá-Couto P, Boltz M, Capezuti E. Portuguese nurses' knowledge of and attitudes toward hospitalized older adults. Scand J Caring Sci. 2015;29(1):51-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Clifford C, Doody O. Exploring nursing staff views of responsive behaviours of people with dementia in long-stay facilities. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2018;25(1):26-36. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Nia HS, Lehto RH, Ebadi A, Peyrovi H. Death anxiety among nurses and health care professionals: a review article. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2016;4(1):2-10. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  27. Akhkand SS, Seidi J, Ebadi A, Gheshlagh RG. Prevalence of pressure ulcer in Iran's intensive care units: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nursing Practice Today. 2020;7(1):12-20. [Link] 
  28. Duru Asiret G, Türten Kaymaz T, Ozturk Copur E, Akyar I. Ageism attitude towards elderly: Young perspective. International Journal of Caring Sciences. 2017;10(2):819-27. [Link] 
  29. Mansouri Arani M, Aazami S, Azami M, Borji M. Assessing attitudes toward elderly among nurses working in the city of Ilam. Int J Nurs Sci. 2017;4(3):311-3. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  30. Çürük GN, Özgül E. Attitudes of oncology nurses regarding ageism. Support Care Cancer. 2022;30(6):5441-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Sülüker K, Türkoğlu N. Birinci ve ikinci basamakta çalışan hemşirelerin yaşlı ayrımcılığına ilişkin tutumlarının karşılaştırılması [Comparison of attitudes of nurses working in primary and secondary care towards ageism]. Turk J Sci Health. 2021;2(1):166-75. [Link] 
  32. Bahadir-Yilmaz E. The relationship between nursing students' professional values and their attitudes towards the elderly people: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ Today. 2018;70:8-12. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com