Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Results of Tuberculin Skin Test and the Risk of Tuberculosis in Autopsy Workers
Otopsi Çalışanlarında Tüberkülin Deri Testi ve Tüberküloz Riski
Sait ÖZSOYa, Taner AKARb, Seyfettin GÜMÜŞc, Ahmet Hakan DİNÇd, Birol DEMİRELb, Mükerrem SAFALIa
Departments of aForensic Medicine, cPulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, bDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, dCouncil of Forensic Medicine Ankara Group Chairmanship, Ankara
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2010;30(6):1876-83
doi: 10.5336/medsci.2009-12572
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that arises due to M. tuberculosis complex and usually involves the lungs but can also affect other organs or organ systems. The number of people who died in Turkey was 210146 in 2006 and 0.11% (n=249) of them died because of pulmonary tuberculosis. During autopsy, many microparticles (aerosols) can be generated while taking the organ out of the body, washing the body, or using the oscillating saw. If these aerosols may contain bacilli that can easily infect the health workers. Tuberculin skin test (TST) determines delayed type hypersensitivity reactions to some antigenic components of microorganism. The only sign of latent tuberculosis infection is positive TST. In our study, we aimed to calculate the exposure rate of the autopsy workers to TB bacillus by evaluating TST measurements and chest radiograms. Material and Methods: The study group was composed of 25 physicians and five autopsy technicians. The control group was composed of 30 physicians, residents and specialists of basic medical sciences except of Microbiology. Both groups were evaluated by TST and chest X-rays from TB point of view. We used TST reaction evaluation criteria that was suggested by Ministry of Health of Republic of Turkey while evaluating TST measurements. All measurements were analyzed statistically. Results: TST positivity ratio is determined as 83.3% in the study group and 33.3% in the control group. The mean of TST measurement value is determined as 13.8±4.7 mm in the study group and 8.6±2.2 mm in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences between two groups concerning age, height, marital status, occupational experience or smoking habits (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between study and control groups for the TST values were (F=11.786; p=0.001). There were no statistically significant differences for gender, smoking and interaction between gender-group and smoking-group (p>0.05). Established ANOVA model (univariate ANOVA); explained the =0.903 of TST change and it was statistically significant (F=71.159; p<0.001). There was a statistically significant correlation between TST results and time spent in the autopsy room (r=0.553; p=0.002). Conclusion: Our study shows that autopsy workers have a high risk of TB exposure. We suggest that autopsy workers should be examined for occupational TB exposure. Furthermore, morgue buildings and autopsy rooms of our country should be designed in accordance with the international standards, and measures should be taken in this regard without delay.

Keywords: Autopsy; tuberculosis; skin tests
ÖZET
Amaç: Tüberküloz (TB), M. tuberculosis kompleks'in neden olduğu başlıca akciğerleri tutan, ancak akciğer dışı organ ya da sistemleri de tutabilen bir hastalıktır. Türkiye'de 2006'da 210146 ölüm olayı meydana gelmiş olup bunların %0.11'i (n=249) TB nedeniyle hayatlarını kaybetmişlerdir. Otopsi sırasında organların çıkartılması, cesedin yıkanması veya elektrikli testere kullanımı sırasında ortam havasına çok sayıda aerosol karışmaktadır. Eğer bu aerosoller infekte ise sağlık personelini kolaylıkla infekte edebilirler. Tüberkülin deri testi (TDT), basilin bazı antijenik yapılarına karşı vücudun gösterdiği gecikmiş tipte hipersensitivite reaksiyonunu göstermeye yarar. Latent TB enfeksiyonunun tek bulgusu TDT pozitifliğidir. Çalışmamızda, TDT ve akciğer radyografileri ile değerlendirerek, otopsi çalışanlarının TB basiline maruz kalma oranlarını belirlemeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma grubu 25 hekim ve beş otopsi teknisyeninden meydana geldi. Kontrol grubu ise Mikrobiyoloji dışındaki Temel Tıp Bilimleri'nde görevli 30 uzman ve asistan hekimden oluşturuldu. Her iki grup TDT ve akciğer radyografileri ile değerlendirildi. TDT sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi sırasında, T.C.Sağlık Bakanlığı'nın önerdiği kriterler kullanıldı. Tüm bulgular istatistiksel olarak incelendi. Bulgular: TDT pozitifliği oranı çalışma grubunda %83.3, kontrol grubunda %33.3 olarak saptandı. Çalışma grubunda TDT ölçüm değerleri ortalaması 13.8±4.7 mm iken kontrol grubunda 8.6±2.2 mm idi. Gruplar arasında yaş, vücut ağırlığı, evlilik durumları ve meslek süreleri açısından istatistiksel olarak fark yoktu (p>0.05). Gruplar arasında TDT değerleri açısından istatistiksel olarak fark saptandı (F= 11.786; p= 0.001). Cinsiyet, sigara içilmesi, cinsiyet-gruplar ve sigara içilmesi-gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak fark saptanmadı (p>0.05). ANOVA modeli (univariate ANOVA) oluşturuldu; TDT değişiklikleri ve istatistiksel farklılığın doğruluğu =0.903 ile izah edildi (F=71.159; p<0.001). Otopsi salonunda geçirilen süre ile TDT sonuçları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptandı (r= 0.553; p= 0.002). Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçları otopsi personelinin tüberküloza maruz kalma yönünden yüksek riske sahip olduklarını göstermektedir. Otopsi çalışanlarının mesleki tüberküloza maruziyeti açısından periyodik muayenelerinin yapılması ve yaptırılması gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz. Ayrıca ülkemizdeki morg binaları ve otopsi salonlarının uluslararası standartlara uygun olarak yapılandırılmasının gerekli olduğunu ve bu konuda gecikmeden önlem alınması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Otopsi; tüberküloz; deri testleri

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