Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Uyuşturucu Madde İmalatında Kullanılan Öncül Maddeler: On Yıllık Tek Merkez Verileri
Precursor Substances Used in Manufacturing Drug: Ten-Year Single Center Data
Emre MUTLUa, Mustafa OKUDANa, Faruk AŞICIOĞLUb
aAdalet Bakanlığı Adli Tıp Kurumu, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
bİstanbul Üniversitesi Adli Tıp Enstitüsü, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2020;17(1):25-34
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2019-70140
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Uyuşturucu madde üretimi, ticareti ve kötüye kullanımı tüm dünyada ciddi bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Kimyasal maddeler yasa dışı uyuşturucu üretiminde gerekli maddeler olup, uyuşturucu üreticileri sürekli yeni öncül maddeler ve teknikler geliştirmeye devam etmektedirler. Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde merdiven altı imalathanelerde yakalanan ve uyuşturucu madde imalatında kullanılan öncül kimyasalların çeşitleri ve sıklıkları araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya, Adli Tıp Kurumu 5. İhtisas Kuruluna 2009-2018 yılları arasındaki 10 yıllık dönemde gelen ve 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu'nun 188/7. Maddesi kapsamında değerlendirilen merdiven altı imalathanelerde yakalanan öncül kimyasal maddelerin yer aldığı olgular dâhil edilmiştir. Olgular, yakalanan öncül kimyasal maddelerin yıllara, çeşitlerine, rastlanma sıklığına, coğrafi bölgelere, gönderen adli makama, birlikte yakalanan diğer uyuşturucu maddelerin cinslerine göre incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda uyuşturucu imalatında kullanıldığı tespit edilen öncül kimyasal maddeler arasında sıklık sırasına göre aseton, efedrin/psödoefedrin, toluen, hidroklorik asit, sülfürik asit, iyot, asetik anhidrit yer almaktadır. Olguların %64'ünde bu kimyasal maddelerle birlikte uyuşturucu maddeler de saptanmıştır. Kimyasallara eşlik eden uyuşturucu maddeler arasında en sık amfetamin, metamfetamin, esrar, eroin, sentetik kannabinoidler, kokain ve metilen dioksi metamfetamin bulunmaktadır. Öncül madde son ürün ilişkisi incelendiğinde, en sık psödoefedrin/efedrin-metamfetamin, fenilaseton/benzil metil keton-amfetamin/metamfetamin ve asetik anhidrit-eroin birlikteliği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmadan elde edilen veriler ışığında, ülkemizde merdiven altı imalathanelerde sıklıkla amfetamin ve metamfetamin imalatı yapıldığı söylenebilir. Öncül kimyasalların erişimine getirilecek kısıtlamalar, yasa dışı laboratuvarlarda uyuşturucu maddelerin imalatının önlenmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Uyuşturucu madde imalatı; öncül kimyasal; merdiven altı imalathane
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Drug production, trafficking and abuse are a serious public health problem all over the world. Chemical substances are necessary in the production of illicit drugs, and drug manufacturers continue to develop new precursors and techniques. In this study, the types and usage frequency of the chemicals used in the production of drugs in our country are investigated. Material and Methods: Cases involving chemical substances received by the 5th Specialized Board of the Council of Forensic Medicine in the ten years' period between the years of 2009-2018 and evaluated in the scope of article 188/7 of the Turkish Penalty Law, No. 5237 were included in this study. The cases were examined according to the years, types, frequency of occurrence of precursor chemicals, geographic regions, sending judicial authority, and the types of other drugs. Results: In our study, among the precursor chemicals used in the manufacture of drugs according to frequency are acetone, ephedrine/pseudoephedrine, toluene, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, iodine and acetic anhydride respectively. Drugs were identified in 64% of these cases along with these chemicals. Prevailing among the drugs that accompany chemicals are amphetamine, methamphetamine, cannabis, heroin, synthetic cannabinoids, cocaine, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Pseudoephedrine/ephedrinemethamphetamine, phenylacetone/benzyl methyl ketone-amphetamine/ methamphetamine and acetic anhydride-heroin were found to be most common when the precursor end product relationship was examined. Conclusion: In the light of the data obtained from the study, it can be said that amphetamines and methamphetamine are frequently produced in clandestine laboratories in our country. Restrictions on access to precursor chemicals are important for the prevention of the manufacture of drugs in illegal laboratories.

Keywords: Drug production; precursor chemical; clandestine laboratory
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