Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology

.: REVIEW
Yeni Kuşak Antidepresan ve Antipsikotiklerin Göz Yüzeyine Etkileri
Ocular Surface Effects of New Generation Antidepressant and Antipsychotics
İhsan KANIKa, Gamze ÖZÇÜRÜMEZa, Cem KÜÇÜKERDÖNMEZa, Dilek D. ALTINÖRSa, Yonca Aydın AKOVAa
aGöz Hastalıkları AD, Başkent Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, ANKARA
Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol. 2008;17(4):272-5
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Gözyaşı, göz yüzeyinden hücre atıklarının temizlenmesinde, kornea epitelinin oksijenlenmesinde, enfeksiyonların gelişiminin önlenmesinde önemli role sahiptir. Gözyaşının temel sekresyonu konjoktivada yer alan Krause ve Wolfring yardımcı gözyaşı bezleriyle sağlanır. Refleks salgılamanın temel kaynağı ise gözyaşı bezleridir. Gözyaşının sekresyonunda görev alan lakrimal bez, meibomian bezi, konjonktival goblet hücreleri ve diğer yardımcı gözyaşı bezlerinin innervasyonu parasempatik sinir sistemi tarafından sağlanır. Kuru göz sendromu orta ve ileri yaşta yaygın biçimde görülen bir hastalıktır. Sjögren sendromu, romatoid artrit ve diğer romatolojik hastalıkların yokluğunda bile sıklıkla izlenir. Romatolojik hastalıklar, antipsikotik veya antidepresan gibi antikolinerjik etkiye sahip ilaçlar veya çevre, kuru göze neden olan faktörler arasında yer alır. Antidepresan ve antipsikotik ilaçların temel etkileri muskarinik reseptör blokajı seviyesindedir. Antihistaminikler, fenotiazinler, anksiyolitikler de benzer mekanizmalar nedeniyle gözyaşının sekresyonunu azaltırlar. Bu ilaçların yan etkileri arasında azalmış gözyaşı salınımı, azalmış korneal refleks, konjonktival irritasyon, akomodasyon bozukluğu, bulanık görme, diplopi, sekonder açı kapanması, fotofobi sayılabilir. Antipsikotik ilaçlardan klozapin de antikolinerjik etki en yüksek seviyede izlenirken; ziprasidon ve aripiprazol de bu yan etki minimaldir. Antidepresan ilaçlardan amitriptilinin antikolinerjik yan etkisi diğer trisiklik antidepresanlara oranla daha yüksektir. Maprotilin de bu antikolinerjik yan etki daha az oranda görülür. Şiddetli göz kuruluğu olan hastalarda antipsikotik, antidepresan ilaç seçiminde antikolinerjik yan etkiye dikkat edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Antidepresan ilaçlar; antipsikotik ilaçlar; kuru göz sendromu
ABSTRACT
The tear film has important role in clearing debris from the ocular surface, oxygenation of the corneal epithelium and prevention of infections. The basal tear secretion comes mainly from Krause and Wolfring accessory lacrimal glands which are located in the conjunctiva. However, the main source of reflex tearing are the lacrimal glands. The innervation of the lacrimal, meibomian, accessory glands and conjunctival goblet cells that are responsible for the tear film secretion is supplied by parasymphatetic nervous system. The dry eye syndrome is common in mid-aged and elderly. The prevalance of Sjogren syndrome is frequent even if rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatologic diseases are not present. Rheumotological diseases, anticholinergic drugs including antipsychotic medications, antidepressants and environmental factors are important predispositions for dry eye. Major role of antidepressant and antipsychotic agents is at the level of muscarinic receptor inhibition. Antihistamines, phenothiazines and anxiolytic drugs supress the tear secretion by the same mechanism. Decreased lacrimation and corneal reflex, conjunctival irritation, acommodative problems, blurred vision, diplopia, secondary angle closure and photophobia are the main adverse effects of these drugs. Among antipsychotic drugs, while clozepame has the maximum inhibitory effect on these receptors, ziprasidone and aripiprazol has a minimum inhibitory effect. Amitriptyline is the one with greater anticholinergic side effects among the tricyclic antidepressants. For the choice of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs in severe dry eye syndrome, anticholinergic side effects of these drugs must be considered.

Keywords: Antidepressive agents; antipsychotic agents; dry eye syndromes

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30.03.2014

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