Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Yeniliklerin Yayılması Teorisi Kapsamında İleri Tıbbi Teknolojik Cihazların Hekimler Tarafından Değerlendirilmesi: Bir Araştırma
The Evaluation of New Technologies by Physicians in the Scope of the Diffussion of Theory Innovations: A Research
Sezer KORKMAZa, Gamze ARIKANa, Yasemin KURUMLUa
aAnkara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Sağlık Yönetimi Bölümü, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2021;6(1):94-103
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2020-74307
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Mal ve hizmet piyasalarında yer alan işletmeler, dijital yeniliklere (inovasyonlara) yoğun biçimde uyum sağlamaya çalışmaktadır. Dijital inovasyonlar konusunda uyum sağlamaya çalışan en önemli sektörlerden birisi de sağlıktır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlık sektöründe sağlık hizmeti sunucuları olan hekimlerin dijital inovasyonlara bakış açılarını ortaya koymaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu amaç doğrultusunda sağlık hizmeti sunan hekimlerin dijital ya da ileri tıbbi teknolojik cihazlarla ilgili görüşleri, yeniliklerin yayılması teorisi kapsamında belirlenmeye çalışılmış ve bir eğitim araştırma hastanesinde çalışan 110 hekime anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Araştırma için Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Etik Komisyonundan etik kurul onayı alınmıştır. Bununla birlikte araştırmanın yapıldığı eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinden başhekimlik tarafından hekimlere uygulanan anket için gerekli izin de alınmıştır. Çalışmada, yeniliklerin yayılması teorisi baz alınarak ileri tıbbi teknolojik cihazlara uyum süreçleri; göreceli fayda, uyumluluk, sadelik, denenebilirlik ve gözlemlenebilirlik parametreleri dikkate alınarak gerekli analizler yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Anket uygulaması sonucunda, hekimlerin algıladıkları risk düzeyinin, demografik değişkenler bazında farklılık gösterip göstermediğine bakılmış ve farklılığın hastanede ve bölümde çalıştıkları yıl düzeyinde olduğu görülmüştür. Yıl bazında teknolojik cihazların kullanımı ve algılanan risk düzeyi arasında da anlamlı bir farklılığın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca yenilik içeren tıbbi teknolojilerin getirdiği riskler ile yeniliklerin yayılması teorisindeki boyutlar arasındaki ilişki de analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular, hekimlerin yeniliğe açık olduğunu, yenilik içeren tıbbi teknolojilerin getirdiği riskleri değerlendirdiklerini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, ileri tıbbi teknolojilerin hekimlerin mesleki gelişimlerine katkı sağladığı belirlenmiştir. İleri tıbbi teknolojik cihazların kullanımının hastanedeki verimliliği artırması ve yenilik içeren tıbbi teknolojilerin getirdiği riskler ile yeniliklerin yayılması teorisindeki boyutlar arasında zayıf bir ilişkinin olması da çalışmada elde edilen diğer sonuçlardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeniliklerin yayılması teorisi; tıbbi cihaz; hekim; risk
ABSTRACT
Objective: Corporations in the goods and services markets are trying to adapt to digital innovations intensively. One of the most important sectors trying to adapt to digital innovations is health. Therefore, the aim of this study is to reveal the perspectives of physicians who are healthcare providers in the health sector to digital innovations. Material and Methods: For this purpose, the opinions of physicians providing health services about digital or advanced medical technological devices were tried to be determined within the scope of the diffusion of innovations and a questionnaire was applied to 110 physicians working in an education and research hospital. Ethics committee approval was obtained from the Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University Ethics Commission for the research. In addition, the necessary permission was obtained from the training and research hospital where the research was conducted for the questionnaire applied to the physicians by the head physician. In the study, adaptation processes to advanced medical technological devices based on the theory of diffusion of innovations; relative advantage, compatibility, simplicity, trialability and observability parameters were examined. Results: As a result of the questionnaire application, it was examined whether the level of risk perceived by physicians varies on the basis of demographic variables and the difference was found to be at the level of the year they worked in the hospital and department. It was also determined that there was a significant difference between the use of technological devices and perceived risk levels on a yearly basis. The relationship between the risks posed by innovative medical technologies and the dimensions in the diffusion of innovations was analyzed. Conclusion: Findings obtained in the research revealed that physicians are open to innovations and evaluate the risks brought by innovative medical technologies. In addition, it has been determined that advanced medical technologies contribute to the professional development of physicians. The other results obtained in the study were the use of advanced medical technological devices increased the efficiency in the hospital and showed the weak relationship between the risks posed by innovative medical technologies and the dimensions of the spread of innovations theory.

Keywords: Diffusion of innovation theory; medical device; pyhsician; risk
REFERENCES:
  1. Aktaş H, Özüpek MN, Altunbaş H. Integrated new media and youth: university students' interest in mobile 3g in the contextof diffusion of innovations theory. 2011;3(2):51-8.[Link] 
  2. Şeker SA. [Innovation ]. YBS Ansiklopedisi, 2014;1(2):26-31.[Link] 
  3. Stachewicz AB. Measuring the perceived attributes of innovation: A study of capacitive switch technology in industrially designed user interface controls. 2011.[Link] 
  4. Rogers EM. Diffusion of Innovations. 4th ed. New York: The Free Press, A Division of Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc: 1995.
  5. Rogers EM. A prospective and retrospective look at the diffusion model. Journal of health communication, 2004;9(S1):13-19.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  6. Rogers EM. Attributes of Innovations and Their Rate of Adoption. Diffusion of Innovations. 3rd ed. New York: The Free Press, A Division of Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc; 1983. p.211-32.
  7. Bayraktar A. [Yeniliklerin Yayılması Teorisi]. Yağcı Mİ, Çabuk S, editörler. Pazarlama Teorileri. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Media Cat Kitapları, Express Basımevi; 2015. p.85-112.
  8. Parsons A, Zeisser M, Waitman R. Organizing today for the digital marketing of tomorrow. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 1998;12(1):31-46.[Link] 
  9. Kotler P, Kartajaya H, Setiawan I. Marketing 4.0: Moving from Traditional to Digital. 1st ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2016.
  10. McManus A. Health promotion innovation in primary health care. Australas Med J. 2013;6(1):15-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  11. Selvi Y. [Medical Eqıjıpment Management In Health-Care Orgamzations]. Yönetim Dergisi. 2009;20(63):99-118.
  12. Kiper M. Dünyada ve Türkiye'de Tıbbi Cihaz Sektörü ve Strateji Önerisi. Türkiye Teknoloji Geliştirme Vakfı yayınları. Afşar Matbaacılık. 1.Baskı. Ankara. 2013.
  13. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye İlaç ve Tıbbi Cihaz Kurumu.Erişim Tarihi: 05.09. 2019.[Link] 
  14. World Health Organization (WHO). Medical devices: Managing the mismatch: an outcome of the priority medical devices Project. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2010.[Link] 
  15. Balçık Yalçın P, Kartal N, Konca M. [Tıbbi Cİhaz Endüstrisi]. İlaç ve Tıbbi Cihaz Endüstrisi ve Yerelleşme. Nobel Bilimsel Eserler Yayıncılık. 1. Baskı. Ankara; 2019. p.69-70.
  16. Resmi Gazete (7.6.2011, Sayı: 27957) sayılı Tıbbi Cihaz Yönetmeliği; 2011.
  17. İstanbul Ticaret Odası (İTO). [Medical devices sector profile survey]. İstanbul Ticaret Odası; 2005, İstanbul; 2005.
  18. Güleç S, Toygar E, Yeni Ç, Dalmış KA, Yazgan M. [Calibration of medical devices used in hospitals and patient safety]. Harun Kırılmaz, editör. Uluslararası Sağlıkta Performans ve Kalite Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı. Cilt 2. 1. Baskı. Antalya: Performans Yönetimi Kalite Geliştirme; 2009. p.152-63.
  19. U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Hamilton recalls G5 Ventilatorbecause of ventilationand alarm failure. 2015.[Link] 
  20. Martin JL, Norris BJ, Murphy E, Crowe JA. Medical device development: the challenge for ergonomics. Appl Ergon. 2008;39(3):271-83.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  21. Biyomedikal Cihazlar. (2019).Erişim Tarihi: 05.09. 2019.[Link] 
  22. Atkinson NL. Developing a questionnaire to measure perceived attributes of eHealth innovations. Am J Health Behav. 2007;31(6):612-21.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  23. Bearden WO, Hardesty DM, Rose RL. Consumer self-confidence: Refinements in conceptualization and measurement. Journal of consumer research. 2001;28(1):121-34.[Crossref] 
  24. Kalaycı Ş. SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. 7. Baskı. Ankara: Asil Yayınevi; 2016.
  25. Hisar A, Özdemir A, Basmacı G. [The effect of risk management in healthcare services on employee safety and an application). International Journal of Academic Value Studies (Javstudies). 2017;3(17):103-18.[Crossref] 
  26. Lin C-P, Guirguis-Blake J, Keppel GA, Dobie S, Osborn J, Cole AM et al. Using the diffusion of innovations theory to assess socio-technical factors in planning the implementation of an electronic health record alert across multiple primary care clinics. Journal of innovation in health informatics, 2016;23(1):450-58.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  27. Wong M, Soon JA, Zed PJ, Norman WV. Development of a survey to assess the acceptability of an innovative contraception practice among Rural Pharmacists. Pharmacy, 2014; 2(1),124-36.[Crossref] 
  28. Lien AS, Jiang YD. Integration of diffusion of innovation theory into diabetes care. J Diabetes Investig. 2017;8(3):259-60.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  29. Herzlinger RE. Why innovation in health care is so hard. Harv Bus Rev. 2006;84(5):58-66, 156.[PubMed] 
  30. Tosuntaş ŞB, Çubukçu Z. [Factors affecting the use of the Cloud Technology of Teacher candidates in the context Diffusion of Innovation Theory]. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2019;20:957-76.[Link] 
  31. Zhang X, Yu P, Yan J, Ton A M Spil I. Using diffusion of innovation theory to understand the factors impacting patient acceptance and use of consumer e-health innovations: a case study in a primary care clinic. BMC Health Serv Res. 2015;15:71.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  32. Taken Smith K. Longitudinal study of digital marketing strategies targeting Millennials. Journal of consumer marketing. 2012;29(2):86-92.[Crossref] 

.: Up To Date

Login



Contact


Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com