.: ORİJİNAL ARAŞTIRMA
Determination of Phytosterols in Beebread from Different Botanical Origin
Farklı Botanik Orijinli Arı Ekmeğinde Fitosterollerin Belirlenmesi
J Tradit Complem Med. 2019;2(3):89-96
doi: 10.5336/jtracom.2019-70703
Makale Dili: EN
Tam Metin
ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine sterol content of beebread, which is frequently used in Apitherapy due to its beneficial biological activities. Material and Methods: Palynological spectrum, lipid and sterol analyses of beebread samples collected by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) from different geographical and botanical origins were analysed. Botanical origin of the samples was identified through pollen analysis and their sterol composition was determined by GC analysis. Results: The sterol contents of the beebread samples including citrus, clover, cotton, chestnut and sunflower changed between 4.85-1698.71 mg/kg. Citrus beebread contained higher amounts of campesterol, delta 5 avenosterol and 24-methylene cholesterol, while cotton beebread had the higher campesterol content. Δ5 avenasterol was the main constituent of clover beebread, whereas sitostanol was the major compound found in chestnut beebread and sunflower beebread contained higher amounts of β sitosterol compared to other sterols. Cholesterol level was the lowest in all the samples tested. Conclusion: The results revealed that beebread is a good source of sterols that is of paramount importance for both honeybee nutrition and human health.
Keywords: Sterol; stored pollen; beebread; cholesterol; honeybee
Objective: The aim of this study is to determine sterol content of beebread, which is frequently used in Apitherapy due to its beneficial biological activities. Material and Methods: Palynological spectrum, lipid and sterol analyses of beebread samples collected by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) from different geographical and botanical origins were analysed. Botanical origin of the samples was identified through pollen analysis and their sterol composition was determined by GC analysis. Results: The sterol contents of the beebread samples including citrus, clover, cotton, chestnut and sunflower changed between 4.85-1698.71 mg/kg. Citrus beebread contained higher amounts of campesterol, delta 5 avenosterol and 24-methylene cholesterol, while cotton beebread had the higher campesterol content. Δ5 avenasterol was the main constituent of clover beebread, whereas sitostanol was the major compound found in chestnut beebread and sunflower beebread contained higher amounts of β sitosterol compared to other sterols. Cholesterol level was the lowest in all the samples tested. Conclusion: The results revealed that beebread is a good source of sterols that is of paramount importance for both honeybee nutrition and human health.
Keywords: Sterol; stored pollen; beebread; cholesterol; honeybee
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, faydalı biyolojik aktivitelerinden dolayı Apiterapide sıklıkla kullanılan arı ekmeğinin sterol içeriğini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Farklı coğrafi ve bitkisel kökenli bal arıları (Apis mellifera L.) tarafından toplanan arı ekmeği örneklerinin palinolojik spektrum, lipid ve sterol analizleri yapıldı. Örneklerin botanik orijnleri polen analizleri ile sterol kompozisyonları GC-MS analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Narenciye, yonca, pamuk, kestane ve ayçiçeği gibi arı ekmeği örneklerinin sterol içerikleri 4,85-1698,71 mg/kg arasında değişmiştir. Narenciye arı ekmeği yüksek miktarda kampesterol, delta 5 avenosterol ve 24-metilen kolesterol içerirken, pamuk arı ekmeğinde yüksek kampesterol içeriği tespit edildi. Δ5 avenasterol yonca arı ekmeğinin ana bileşeni iken sitostanol kestane arı ekmeğinde bulunan ana bileşikti ve ayçiçeği arı ekmeği diğer sterollere kıyasla daha yüksek miktarda β sitosterol içerdi. Kolesterol seviyesi, test edilen tüm örneklerde en düşük seviyedeydi. Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar, arı ekmeğinin hem bal arısı beslenmesi hem de insan sağlığı için büyük önemi olan iyi bir sterol kaynağı olduğunu ortaya koydu.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Sterol; depolanmış polen; arı ekmeği; kolesterol; balarısı
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, faydalı biyolojik aktivitelerinden dolayı Apiterapide sıklıkla kullanılan arı ekmeğinin sterol içeriğini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Farklı coğrafi ve bitkisel kökenli bal arıları (Apis mellifera L.) tarafından toplanan arı ekmeği örneklerinin palinolojik spektrum, lipid ve sterol analizleri yapıldı. Örneklerin botanik orijnleri polen analizleri ile sterol kompozisyonları GC-MS analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Narenciye, yonca, pamuk, kestane ve ayçiçeği gibi arı ekmeği örneklerinin sterol içerikleri 4,85-1698,71 mg/kg arasında değişmiştir. Narenciye arı ekmeği yüksek miktarda kampesterol, delta 5 avenosterol ve 24-metilen kolesterol içerirken, pamuk arı ekmeğinde yüksek kampesterol içeriği tespit edildi. Δ5 avenasterol yonca arı ekmeğinin ana bileşeni iken sitostanol kestane arı ekmeğinde bulunan ana bileşikti ve ayçiçeği arı ekmeği diğer sterollere kıyasla daha yüksek miktarda β sitosterol içerdi. Kolesterol seviyesi, test edilen tüm örneklerde en düşük seviyedeydi. Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar, arı ekmeğinin hem bal arısı beslenmesi hem de insan sağlığı için büyük önemi olan iyi bir sterol kaynağı olduğunu ortaya koydu.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Sterol; depolanmış polen; arı ekmeği; kolesterol; balarısı
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