Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus-2, causing the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has significantly impacted global health. Treatment has mainly involves supportive care, but various pharmaceutical interventions have also been used. These include antimalarials like quinine, antibiotics, antivirals, convalescent plasma, steroids, blood thinners, antibody therapies, drugs targeting interleukin-6 and interleukin-1, and baricitinib. Each treatment aims to manage and treat COVID-19. Material and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 69 COVID-19 patients who received intravenous (iv) tocilizumab (TCZ) in our hospital's intensive care unit (ICU) between January 1- December 31, 2021. Based on symptom severity, patients received a single iv dose of TCZ at either 400 mg or 800 mg. Results: The mean duration of TCZ administration was 6.59 (SD±3.371) days. Of the patients, 37 (53.6%) were male and 32 (46.4%) were female. Mean age was 55.72 (SD±11.62) years. On days 1, 3, and 7th there were statistically significant differences in white blood cell, lymphocyte, platelet, alanine aminotransferase, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) values. When the factors affecting the risk of death were evaluated, the probability of death increased with increasing procalcitonin (PCT) levels (p=0.03, z=1.97). The results showed that increasing age increased the likelihood of death (p<0.0001, z=5.069). Patients with longer ICU stay were more likely to die (p<0.0001, z=4.186). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced uncertainty about effective drug treatments. In this study of patients treated with TCZ, it was found that mortality rates were higher in the presence of high PCT levels, advanced age, long hospital stays and chronic disease. TCZ administration was linked to reduced inflammatory markers, including CRP and ferritin.
Keywords: COVID-19; tocilizumab; severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2; anti-interleukin-6
Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] pandemisine neden olan şiddetli akut solunum sendromukoronavirüs-2 küresel sağlığı önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Tedavi esas olarak destekleyici bakımı içermekle birlikte, çeşitli farmasötik müdahaleler de kullanılmıştır. Bunlar arasında kinin gibi antimalaryaller, antibiyotikler, antiviraller, iyileşme plazması, steroidler, kan sulandırıcılar, antikor tedavileri, interlökin-6 ve interlökin-1'i hedefleyen ilaçlar ve baricitinib yer almaktadır. Her bir tedavi COVID-19'u yönetmeyi ve tedavi etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Hastanemizin yoğun bakım ünitesinde (YBÜ) 1 Ocak-31 Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında intravenöz (iv) tosilizumab [tocilizumab (TCZ)] alan 69 COVID-19 hastasını retrospektif olarak değerlendirdik. Semptom şiddetine bağlı olarak, hastalar 400 mg veya 800 mg'lık tek bir iv doz TCZ aldı. Bulgular: Ortalama TCZ uygulama süresi 6,59 (SD±3,371) gündü. Hastaların 37'si (%53,6) erkek ve 32'si (%46,4) kadındı. Ortalama yaş 55,72 (SS±11,62) yıldı. 1, 3 ve 7. günlerde beyaz kan hücresi, lenfosit, trombosit, alanin aminotransferaz, ferritin ve C-reaktif protein (CRP) değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar vardı. Ölüm riskini etkileyen faktörler değerlendirildiğinde, prokalsitonin [procalcitonin (PCT)] düzeyleri arttıkça ölüm olasılığı da artmıştır (p=0,03, z=1,97). Sonuçlar artan yaşın ölüm olasılığını artırdığını göstermiştir (p<0,0001, z=5,069). YBÜ'de kalış süresi daha uzun olan hastaların ölme olasılığı daha yüksekti (p<0,0001, z=4,186). Sonuç: COVID-19 pandemisi, etkili ilaç tedavileri konusunda belirsizlik yaratmıştır. TCZ ile tedavi edilen hastalar üzerinde yapılan bu çalışmada; yüksek PCT seviyeleri, ileri yaş, uzun hastanede kalış süreleri ve kronik hastalık varlığında mortalite oranlarının daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. TCZ uygulaması, CRP ve ferritin dâhil olmak üzere inflamatuar belirteçlerin azalmasıyla bağlantılıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; tocilizumab; şiddetli akut solunum sendromu-koronavirüs-2; anti-interlökin-6
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