.: ORİJİNAL ARAŞTIRMA
Gebelerin COVID-19 ve Gebelik Aşılarına İlişkin Görüşlerinin COVID-19 Aşı Kararsızlığına ve Pandemide Aşı Tereddüdüne Etkisi: Kesitsel Çalışma
The Effect of Pregnant Women's Views on COVID-19 and Pregnancy Vaccines on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccine Hesitancy in Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2025;17(2):406-16
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2024-103677
Makale Dili: TR
Tam Metin
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, gebelerin koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] ve gebelik aşılarına ilişkin görüşlerinin COVID-19 aşı kararsızlığı ve pandemilerde aşı tereddütüne etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel tasarımdaki araştırma, web tabanlı bir anket kullanılarak sosyal medya aracılığıyla 15 Mart-20 Nisan 2024 tarihleri arasında 244 gebe ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Pandemilerde Aşı Tereddüt Ölçeği ve COVID-19 Aşı Kararsızlığı Ölçeği ile toplandı. Bulgular: Gebelerin yaş ortalaması 30,77±6,36 yıl olup, %93,4'ünün koronavirüs enfeksiyonu sırasında gebelik takibi için hastaneye ya da doktora gitmekten rahatsız olduğu, %65,6'sının gebelikte aşının hastalıklardan korunmak için gerekli olduğunu düşündüğü belirlendi. Gebelerin COVID-19 Aşı Kararsızlığı Ölçeği puan ortalaması 19,11±12,6, Pandemilerde Aşı Tereddüt Ölçeği puan ortalaması 29,61±5,73'tür. Ölçek puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak orta düzeyde pozitif ilişki bulundu (p<0,001). COVID-19 sırasında düzenli olarak gebelik takibi için hastaneye giden, gebelikte COVID-19 enfeksiyonuna yakalanmaktan korkmayan, gebelikte hastalıklardan korunmak için aşının gerekli olduğunu düşünen, tetanoz ve COVID-19 geçiren, gebelikte aşı yaptıran ve diğer gebelere de COVID-19 aşısı öneren gebelerin COVID-19 aşısı kararsızlığının ve pandemide aşı tereddütünün daha az olduğu tespit edildi (p<0,001). Sonuç: Gebelerin yaşadığı pandemilerde aşı tereddütü arttıkça, COVID-19 aşısı kararsızlığı artmaktadır. Pandemi döneminde daha fazla aşı tereddütü yaşayan gebeler, diğer gebelere göre daha fazla COVID-19 aşı kararsızlığı ve pandemide aşı tereddütü yaşamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, kadın sağlığı ve hastalıkları hemşireleri pandemi döneminde gebelerin aşı tereddütlerini ve kararsızlıklarını prenatal dönemde değerlendirmeleri önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Gebe; aşı; koronavirüs hastalığı-2019; aşı kararsızlığı; pandemi
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, gebelerin koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] ve gebelik aşılarına ilişkin görüşlerinin COVID-19 aşı kararsızlığı ve pandemilerde aşı tereddütüne etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel tasarımdaki araştırma, web tabanlı bir anket kullanılarak sosyal medya aracılığıyla 15 Mart-20 Nisan 2024 tarihleri arasında 244 gebe ile gerçekleştirildi. Veriler, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Pandemilerde Aşı Tereddüt Ölçeği ve COVID-19 Aşı Kararsızlığı Ölçeği ile toplandı. Bulgular: Gebelerin yaş ortalaması 30,77±6,36 yıl olup, %93,4'ünün koronavirüs enfeksiyonu sırasında gebelik takibi için hastaneye ya da doktora gitmekten rahatsız olduğu, %65,6'sının gebelikte aşının hastalıklardan korunmak için gerekli olduğunu düşündüğü belirlendi. Gebelerin COVID-19 Aşı Kararsızlığı Ölçeği puan ortalaması 19,11±12,6, Pandemilerde Aşı Tereddüt Ölçeği puan ortalaması 29,61±5,73'tür. Ölçek puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak orta düzeyde pozitif ilişki bulundu (p<0,001). COVID-19 sırasında düzenli olarak gebelik takibi için hastaneye giden, gebelikte COVID-19 enfeksiyonuna yakalanmaktan korkmayan, gebelikte hastalıklardan korunmak için aşının gerekli olduğunu düşünen, tetanoz ve COVID-19 geçiren, gebelikte aşı yaptıran ve diğer gebelere de COVID-19 aşısı öneren gebelerin COVID-19 aşısı kararsızlığının ve pandemide aşı tereddütünün daha az olduğu tespit edildi (p<0,001). Sonuç: Gebelerin yaşadığı pandemilerde aşı tereddütü arttıkça, COVID-19 aşısı kararsızlığı artmaktadır. Pandemi döneminde daha fazla aşı tereddütü yaşayan gebeler, diğer gebelere göre daha fazla COVID-19 aşı kararsızlığı ve pandemide aşı tereddütü yaşamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, kadın sağlığı ve hastalıkları hemşireleri pandemi döneminde gebelerin aşı tereddütlerini ve kararsızlıklarını prenatal dönemde değerlendirmeleri önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Gebe; aşı; koronavirüs hastalığı-2019; aşı kararsızlığı; pandemi
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of pregnant women's views on coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy vaccines on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and vaccine hesitancy in the pandemic. Material and Methods: The research, which had a cross-sectional design, was conducted with 244 pregnant women between March 15 and April 20, 2024, via social media, using a web-based survey. Data were collected with the Personal Information Form, Vaccine Hesitancy in Pandemic Scale, and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale. Results: It was found that the average age of pregnant women was 30.77±6.36, 93.4% were uncomfortable going to the hospital or doctor for pregnancy follow-up during coronavirus infection, and 65.6% thought that vaccination during pregnancy was necessary to protect against diseases. The mean total score of pregnant women on the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale was 19.11±12.6, the mean total score on the Vaccine Hesitancy in Pandemic Scale was 29.61±5.73, and a statistically moderate positive relationship was found between the scales (p<0.001). It was found that pregnant women who regularly visited the hospital for pregnancy follow-up during COVID-19, who were not afraid of contracting COVID-19 during pregnancy, believed that vaccination was necessary to protect against diseases during pregnancy, had suffered from tetanus and COVID-19, received vaccinations during pregnancy, and recommended the COVID-19 vaccine to other pregnant women had lower levels of COVID-19 vaccine uncertainty and vaccine hesitancy during the pandemic (p<0.001). Conclusion: As vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women increases during pandemics, COVID-19 vaccine uncertainty is also rising. Pregnant women who experienced more vaccine hesitancy during the pandemic exhibit greater uncertainty about the COVID-19 vaccine compared to other pregnant women. In this context, it is recommended that women's health and disease nurses assess vaccine hesitancy and uncertainty among pregnant women during the prenatal period.
Keywords: Pregnant; vaccine; coronavirus disease-2019; vaccine hesitancy; pandemics
Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of pregnant women's views on coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy vaccines on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and vaccine hesitancy in the pandemic. Material and Methods: The research, which had a cross-sectional design, was conducted with 244 pregnant women between March 15 and April 20, 2024, via social media, using a web-based survey. Data were collected with the Personal Information Form, Vaccine Hesitancy in Pandemic Scale, and COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale. Results: It was found that the average age of pregnant women was 30.77±6.36, 93.4% were uncomfortable going to the hospital or doctor for pregnancy follow-up during coronavirus infection, and 65.6% thought that vaccination during pregnancy was necessary to protect against diseases. The mean total score of pregnant women on the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale was 19.11±12.6, the mean total score on the Vaccine Hesitancy in Pandemic Scale was 29.61±5.73, and a statistically moderate positive relationship was found between the scales (p<0.001). It was found that pregnant women who regularly visited the hospital for pregnancy follow-up during COVID-19, who were not afraid of contracting COVID-19 during pregnancy, believed that vaccination was necessary to protect against diseases during pregnancy, had suffered from tetanus and COVID-19, received vaccinations during pregnancy, and recommended the COVID-19 vaccine to other pregnant women had lower levels of COVID-19 vaccine uncertainty and vaccine hesitancy during the pandemic (p<0.001). Conclusion: As vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women increases during pandemics, COVID-19 vaccine uncertainty is also rising. Pregnant women who experienced more vaccine hesitancy during the pandemic exhibit greater uncertainty about the COVID-19 vaccine compared to other pregnant women. In this context, it is recommended that women's health and disease nurses assess vaccine hesitancy and uncertainty among pregnant women during the prenatal period.
Keywords: Pregnant; vaccine; coronavirus disease-2019; vaccine hesitancy; pandemics
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