Amaç: İnme sonrası, beynin bir hemisferinde meydana gelen vasküler olay nedeniyle vücudun karşı tarafında parezi ve hareket kısıtlılığı oluşur. Bu nörolojik durum hemipleji olarak adlandırılır. Bu çalışma, inme sonrası hemipleji yaşayan hastalarda uygulanan fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon programının spastisite seviyesi, üst ekstremite fonksiyonları, günlük yaşam aktiviteleri (GYA) ve kinezyofobi üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, tek gruplu ön test-son test deneysel çalışma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmaya 20 hemiplejik hasta dâhil edilmiştir. Katılımcıların spastisite seviyeleri Modifiye Ashworth Skalası, üst ekstremite fonksiyonları Fugl Meyer Üst Ekstremite Motor Değerlendirme Ölçeği, GYA için Barthel Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri İndeksi ve kinezyofobi seviyeleri Tampa Kinezyofobi Ölçeği kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Tedavi programı, haftada 3 seans olacak şekilde toplam 24 seans olarak planlandı. Her seans 45 dk sürdü ve Transkutanöz Elektriksel Sinir Stimülasyonu uygulaması, üst ve alt ekstremite eklem hareket açıklığı egzersizleri, denge ve koordinasyon ve ağırlık aktarma egzersizleri uygulandı. Değerlendirme tedavi öncesi ve sonrası yapıldı. Bulgular: Fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon programı sonrasında Modifiye Ashworth Skalası'na göre kalça eklemi dışındaki tüm eklemlerde spastisite seviyelerinde anlamlı bir azalma görülmüştür (p<0,05). Fugl-Meyer Üst Ekstremite Motor Değerlendirme Ölçeği ile değerlendirilen üst ekstremite motor fonksiyonlarında anlamlı bir iyileşme kaydedilmiştir (p<0,001). Barthel Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri İndeksi sonuçlarına göre GYA'da belirgin bir artış tespit edilmiştir (p<0,01). Ayrıca Tampa Kinezyofobi Ölçeği ile değerlendirilen kinezyofobi seviyelerinde anlamlı bir azalma gözlemlenmiştir (p<0,001). Sonuç: Çalışma göstermiştir ki; hemipleji sonrasında kinezyofobi yönetiminin tedavi programına eklenmesi rehabilitasyonun etkinliği açısından önemlidir. Rehabilitasyon programları motor fonksiyonları iyileştirirken aynı zamanda psikolojik etkileri de azaltarak hastanın tedaviye uyumunu artırabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Günlük yaşam aktiviteleri; hemipleji; kinezyofobi; spastisite
Objective: Following a stroke, a vascular event occurring in one hemisphere of the brain leads to paresis and movement restrictions on the contralateral side of the body. This neurological condition is referred to as hemiplegia. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a physiotherapy and rehabilitation program on spasticity levels, upper extremity functions, activities of daily living (ADL), and kinesiophobia in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. Material and Methods: The study was designed as a single-group pre-test-post-test experimental study. 20 hemiplegic patients were included in the study. The spasticity levels of the participants were assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale, upper extremity functions with the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Motor Assessment Scale, ADL with the Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index, and kinesiophobia levels with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. The treatment program consisted of 24 sessions, scheduled 3 times per week. Each session lasted 45 minutes and included Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, upper and lower extremity range of motion exercises, balance and coordination exercises, and weight transfer exercises. Evaluations were conducted before and after the treatment. Results: Following the physiotherapy and rehabilitation program, a significant reduction in spasticity levels was observed in all joints except the hip joint, as measured by the Modified Ashworth Scale (p<0.05). A significant improvement was detected in upper extremity motor functions assessed using the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Motor Assessment Scale (p<0.001). According to the Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index, there was a notable increase in ADL (p<0.01). Additionally, kinesiophobia levels, evaluated using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, significantly decreased (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study has demonstrated that incorporating kinesiophobia management into the treatment program is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of rehabilitation following hemiplegia. While rehabilitation programs aim to improve motor functions, they can also reduce psychological distress, thereby enhancing the patient's adherence to treatment.
Keywords: Activities of daily living; hemiplegia; kinesiophobia; spasticity
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