Objective: One of the most important health problems today is musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and upper extremities related to occupational activities. These disorders occur in occupational risk groups that require prolonged static postures or repetitive manual tasks. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different bowing techniques on the upper trapezius muscle (UTM) tone and stiffness in intermediate-level violinists. Material and Methods: The study included 14 violinists with a mean age of 25.28±7.57 years. Participants' neck range of motion, UTM tone, and stiffness were assessed using the MyotonPro device. The bowing techniques evaluated were detached tail, detached tip, and large bowing technique. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze both muscle tone and stiffness across the bowing techniques. Bonferroni correction was applied as a ''post hoc'' test. In all statistical analyses, p<0.05 was considered the level of significance. Results: There was no significant difference in UTM tone and stiffness between bowing techniques on the right side (p>0.05). However, while there was no significant difference in UTM stiffness, there was a statistically significant difference in UTM tone on the left side (p=0.01). Conclusion: The UTM tone is higher in the large bowing technique. There was no significant difference in pain and posture assessments between the bowing techniques.
Keywords: Musculoskeletal disease; muscle tonus; neck muscles; overuse
Amaç: Günümüzün en önemli sağlık sorunlarından biri mesleki faaliyetlere bağlı boyun ve üst ekstremite kas-iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarıdır. Bu rahatsızlıklar, uzun süreli statik duruşlar veya tekrarlayan manuel görevler gerektiren mesleki risk gruplarında ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın amacı, orta düzey kemancılarda farklı yay tekniklerinin üst trapezius kası (ÜTK) tonusu ve sertliği üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 25,28±7,57 yıl olan 14 kemancı dâhil edildi. Katılımcıların boyun hareket açıklığı, ÜTK tonusu ve sertliği MyotonPro cihazı kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Değerlendirilen yay teknikleri ayrık kuyruk, ayrık uç ve büyük yay tekniğidir. Yay teknikleri arasında hem kas tonusunu hem de sertliği analiz etmek için tekrarlanan ölçümler varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Bonferroni düzeltmesi ''post hoc'' testi olarak uygulanmıştır. Tüm istatistiksel analizlerde p<0,05 anlamlılık düzeyi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Sağ taraftaki yay teknikleri arasında ÜTK tonusu ve sertliği açısından anlamlı bir fark yoktu (p>0,05). Bununla birlikte, ÜTK sertliğinde anlamlı bir fark bulunmazken, sol tarafta ÜTK tonusunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark vardı (p=0,01). Sonuç: Geniş yay tekniği ÜTK tonusunda anlamlı bir artışa neden olmuştur. Ağrı ve postür değerlendirmelerinde yay teknikleri arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktu.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kas iskelet sistemi hastalıkları; kas tonusu; boyun kasları; aşırı kullanım
- Buckle PW, Devereux JJ. The nature of work-related neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders. Appl Ergon. 2002;33(3):207-17. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Moraes GF, Antunes AP. Musculoskeletal disorders in professional violinists and violists. Systematic review. Acta Ortop Bras. 2012;20(1):43-7. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Rensing N, Schemmann H, Zalpour C. Musculoskeletal demands in violin and viola playing: a literature review. Med Probl Perform Art. 2018;33(4):265-74. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Wijsman J, Grundlehner B, Penders J, Hermens HJ. Trapezius muscle EMG as predictor of mental stress. ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems. 2013;12(4):155-63. [Crossref]
- Lee HS, Park HY, Yoon JO, Kim JS, Chun JM, Aminata IW, et al. Musicians' medicine: musculoskeletal problems in string players. Clin Orthop Surg. 2013;5(3):155-60; . [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Mizrahi J. Neuro-mechanical aspects of playing-related mobility disorders in orchestra violinists and upper strings players: a review. Eur J Transl Myol. 2020;30(3):9095. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Mann S, Panduro MB, Paarup HM, Brandt L, Søgaard K. Surface electromyography of forearm and shoulder muscles during violin playing. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2021;56:102491. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Afsharipour B, Petracca F, Gasparini M, Merletti R. Spatial distribution of surface EMG on trapezius and lumbar muscles of violin and cello players in single note playing. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2016;31:144-53. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Wallyn J. Postural changes in violin players. United Kingdom: University of Wales; 2012. [Link]
- Asha SE, Pryor R. Validation of a method to assess range of motion of the cervical spine using a tape measure. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2013;36(8):538-45. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Yağcı G, Bek N. Genç yetişkinlerde postürün sağlıkla ilgili yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisinin araştırılması [The effect of posture on health-related quality of life in young adults]. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation. 2021;32(3):70-7. [Crossref]
- Duprey S, Michaud B, Begon M. Muscular activity variations of the right bowing arm of the violin player. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2017;20(sup1):71-2. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Visentin P, Shan G. Applications of EMG pertaining to music performance-a review. Arts BioMechanics. 2011;1(1):15-32. [Link]
- Shan G, Visentin P, Schultz A. Multidimensional signal analysis as a means of better understanding factors associated with repetitive use in violin performance. Medical Problems of Performing Artists. 2004;19(3):129-39. [Crossref]
- Mann S, Paarup HM, Søgaard K. Effects of different violin playing techniques on workload in forearm and shoulder muscles. Appl Ergon. 2023;110:103999. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ganguly J, Kulshreshtha D, Almotiri M, Jog M. Muscle tone physiology and abnormalities. toxins (basel). 2021;13(4):282. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Shortland AP. Muscle tone is not a well-defined term. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2018;60(7):637. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Profeta VLS, Turvey MT. Bernstein's levels of movement construction: a contemporary perspective. Hum Mov Sci. 2018;57:111-33. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Carpenter R, Reddi B. Neurophysiology: A Conceptual Approach. 5th ed. Florida: CRC Press; 2012 [Crossref]
.: İşlem Listesi