Objective: This study aims to assess the alignment of the Mediterranean diet with the 2021 American Heart Association (AHA) Dietary Guidelines and examine the relationship between adherence to cardioprotective dietary recommendations and awareness of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Material and Methods: This study included 200 individuals diagnosed with CVD who applied to the Cardiology Clinic of Fethiye State Hospital. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys, assessing participants' sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure values, and dietary habits. Adherence to cardioprotective dietary recommendations was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale (MEDAS) and a 10-item questionnaire assessing adherence with the 2021 AHA Dietary Guidelines. Additionally, CVD risk awareness was assessed using the Cardiovascular Disease Risk Awareness Assessment Questionnaire (CDRAAQ). Results: Participants with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet had significantly greater awareness of CVD risk factors (p<0.05) compared to those with low or moderate adherence. They were also older (p=0.010) and had lower diastolic blood pressure (p=0.033), while no significant differences were observed in BMI or systolic blood pressure (p>0.05). Individuals who followed the AHA dietary guidelines demonstrated higher Mediterranean diet adherence and greater awareness of CVD risk factors (p<0.05). Additionally, CDRAAQ scores were positively correlated with MEDAS scores and negatively correlated with BMI and blood pressure (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings emphasize the role of disease-specific awareness and educational interventions in promoting adherence to cardioprotective dietary patterns among individuals with CVD. Enhancing awareness of CVD risk factors may contribute to improved dietary adherence and cardiovascular health outcomes.
Keywords: Mediterranean diet; cardiovascular disease; risk factors
Amaç: Bu çalışma, Akdeniz diyetinin 2021 Amerikan Kalp Derneği'nin [American Heart Association (AHA)] Beslenme Kılavuzu ile uyumunu değerlendirmeyi ve kardiyoprotektif beslenme önerilerine uyum ile kardiyovasküler hastalık (KVH) risk faktörleri farkındalığı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, Fethiye Devlet Hastanesi Kardiyoloji Kliniği'ne başvuran ve KVH tanısı almış 200 birey dâhil edilmiştir. Veriler, yüz yüze uygulanan anketler yoluyla toplanmış; katılımcıların sosyodemografik özellikleri, beden kitle indeksi (BKİ), kan basıncı değerleri ve beslenme alışkanlıkları değerlendirilmiştir. Kardiyoprotektif beslenme önerilerine uyum, Akdeniz Diyeti Uyum Ölçeği [Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale (MEDAS)] ve 2021 AHA Beslenme Kılavuzu'na uyumu değerlendiren 10 maddelik bir anket ile ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca KVH risk farkındalığı, Kardiyovasküler Hastalık Risk Farkındalığı Değerlendirme Anketi [Cardiovascular Disease Risk Awareness Assessment Questionnaire (CDRAAQ)] kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Akdeniz diyetine yüksek uyum gösteren katılımcılar, düşük veya orta uyum gösterenlere kıyasla KVH risk faktörleri farkındalığında anlamlı derecede daha yüksek puan almıştır (p<0,05). Ayrıca, bu katılımcılar daha yaşlı (p=0,010) olup, daha düşük diyastolik kan basıncına sahipti (p=0,033). Ancak BKİ ve sistolik kan basıncı açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). AHA beslenme kılavuzlarına uyan bireylerin Akdeniz diyetine daha yüksek uyum gösterdiği ve KVH risk faktörleri farkındalıklarının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). Ek olarak, CDRAAQ puanları MEDAS puanları ile pozitif, BKİ ve kan basıncı ile negatif korelasyon göstermiştir (p<0,05). Sonuç: Bu bulgular, KVH'ye özgü farkındalık ve eğitsel müdahalelerin, kardiyoprotektif beslenme kalıplarına uyumu teşvik etmede önemli bir role sahip olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. KVH risk faktörleri farkındalığının artırılması, beslenme uyumunun ve kardiyovasküler sağlık sonuçlarının iyileştirilmesine katkıda bulunabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Akdeniz diyeti; kardiyovasküler hastalık; risk faktörleri
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