Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of serum vitamin A and D levels and dietary quality of pregnant women on newborn anthropometric measurements. Material and Methods: A hospital-based crosssectional study in northeastern Türkiye included 118 pregnant women aged 18-45 years during weeks 24-36 of pregnancy. Dietary intake was evaluated with a 3-day record and categorized as poor, moderate, or good using the Diet Quality Index for Pregnancy. Serum A and D vitamin levels were measured from blood samples, and postpartum newborn anthropometric measurements were recorded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS with a significance level of 0.05. Results: When pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) values were examined, 44.5% of the pregnant women were overweight/obese. 17% of the women had poor, 38.1% had moderate, and 44.1% had good dietary quality. Only 10.2% of the women had sufficient serum vitamin D levels, while 16.9% had excessive vitamin A levels. Regression analysis showed that pre-pregnancy BMI (β=0.32, p=0.00) and dietary magnesium intake (β=0.42, p=0.01) significantly affected newborn birth weight, explaining 32% of its variance. Although diet quality had no effect on newborn anthropometric measurements, pregnant women with good dietary quality and who used dietary supplements had babies with lower birth weights compared to those who did not use supplements (p<0.01, t=2.61). Conclusion: High pre-pregnancy BMI and inadequate dietary magnesium intake may adversely impact newborn birth weight, underscoring the importance of balanced nutrition. Maintaining an ideal BMI prior to pregnancy is crucial, and unnecessary supplement use should be avoided in women with good dietary quality.
Keywords: Nutritional status; pregnancy; vitamin A; vitamin D; diet quality
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, gebe kadınların serum A ve D vitamini düzeyleri ile diyet kalitesinin yenidoğan antropometrik ölçümleri üzerindeki etkilerini analiz etmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Türkiye'nin kuzeydoğu bölgesinde hastane bazlı kesitsel bir çalışma yürütülmüş, çalışmaya 24-36. gebelik haftasında olan, 18-45 yaş aralığındaki 118 gebe kadın dâhil edilmiştir. Diyet alımları 3 günlük besin tüketim kaydı yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiş ve Gebelik Diyet Kalitesi İndeksi kullanılarak zayıf, orta ve iyi olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Serum A ve D vitamini düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla kan örnekleri alınmış, doğum sonrası yenidoğan antropometrik ölçümleri kaydedilmiştir. Veriler, anlamlılık düzeyi 0,05 olarak belirlenmiş SPSS programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Gebelik öncesi Beden Kitle İndeksi (BKİ) değerleri incelendiğinde, gebe kadınların %44,5'inin fazla kilolu veya obez olduğu görülmüştür. Kadınların %17'sinin diyet kalitesi zayıf, %38,1'inin orta, %44,1'inin ise iyi düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kadınların yalnızca %10,2'sinde yeterli serum D vitamini düzeyleri saptanırken, %16,9'unda aşırı A vitamini düzeyleri tespit edilmiştir. Regresyon analizi, gebelik öncesi BKİ'nin (β=0,32, p=0,00) ve diyetteki magnezyum alımının (β=0,42, p=0,01) yenidoğan doğum ağırlığı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olduğunu ve bu 2 değişkenin doğum ağırlığındaki varyansın %32'sini açıkladığını göstermiştir. Diyet kalitesinin yenidoğan antropometrik ölçümleri üzerinde bir etkisi bulunmamakla birlikte, iyi diyet kalitesine sahip ve besin takviyesi kullanan gebelerin bebeklerinin, takviye kullanmayanlara göre daha düşük doğum ağırlığına sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir (p<0,01, t=2,61). Sonuç: Gebelik öncesi yüksek BKİ ve diyetle yetersiz magnezyum alımı, yenidoğan doğum ağırlığını olumsuz etkileyebilir ve bu da dengeli beslenmenin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Gebelik öncesi ideal BKİ'nin korunması büyük önem taşımakta olup, iyi diyet kalitesine sahip kadınlarda gereksiz takviye kullanımından kaçınılmalıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Beslenme durumu; gebelik; A vitamini; D vitamini; diyet kalitesi
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