Günümüzde bilimsel araştırma faaliyetlerinde önemli bir artış gözlemlenmekte olup, bu durum bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerle desteklenmektedir. Küreselleşme sayesinde bilimsel bilgi üretim süreçleri, coğrafi sınırları aşarak daha geniş kitlelere ulaşmaktadır. Bilgi üretiminde artışın önemli bir katkıcısı ise gelişmekte olan ülkelerin akademik üretime katılımıdır. Türkiye, bu küresel eğilimlerden etkilenerek bilimsel veri üretiminde önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Bibliyometrik analiz, bu artışa paralel olarak, bilimsel bilgi birikimini daha etkin bir şekilde değerlendirmek için önemli bir yöntem olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bibliyometrik analiz, bilimsel çalışmaların nitel ve nicel olarak değerlendirilmesi için kullanılan sistematik bir metodolojidir ve büyük veri kümeleri aracılığıyla bilimsel etkinliklerin analizini kolaylaştırır. Kapsamlı veri tabanlarının erişimi ve kullanılabilir yazılımlar sayesinde, bibliyometrik analizler gün geçtikçe daha yaygın hale gelmektedir. Tıp alanındaki bibliyometrik çalışmalar, tıbbi araştırma eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi ve uluslararası işbirliklerinin izlenmesi gibi pek çok amacı gerçekleştirmek için kullanılmaktadır. Ancak Türkiye'de bu alanda yapılan çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bibliyometrik analiz teknikleri, araştırma bileşenlerinin üretkenlik ve etkisini değerlendiren performans analizi ile bileşenler arası ilişkileri inceleyen bilimsel haritalama olmak üzere ikiye ayrılır. Performans analizinde yayın ve atıf sayısı, h-endeksi gibi metrikler kullanılırken; bilimsel haritalamada atıf, ortak atıf, ortak kelime ve yazar analizleri gibi yöntemler uygulanır. Bu çalışma, bibliyometrik analizin tarihçesi, metodolojisi ve tıp literatüründeki kullanımını ele almıştır. Çalışmada bibliyometrik analiz ile meta-analiz ve sistematik literatür taraması gibi geleneksel literatür inceleme yöntemlerini karşılaştırmaktadır. Ayrıca bu çalışma araştırmacılara bibliyometrik analizin nasıl gerçekleştirileceğine dair detaylı rehberlik sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Bibliyometrik analiz; atıf analizi; performans analizi; bilimsel haritalama; metaanaliz; sistematik literatür incelemesi
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in scientific research activities, supported by advancements in information and communication technologies. Thanks to globalization, the processes of scientific knowledge production have transcended geographical boundaries, reaching broader audiences. A key contributor to this increase is participation of developing countries. Influenced by these global trends, Türkiye has played an important role in the production of scientific data. Parallel to this increase, bibliometric analysis has emerged as a crucial method for evaluating scientific knowledge accumulation. Bibliometric analysis is a systematic methodology used to assess scientific studies both qualitatively and quantitatively, facilitating the analysis of scientific activities through large datasets. With access to comprehensive databases and the availability of user-friendly softwares, bibliometric analyses are becoming increasingly widespread. In medicine, bibliometric studies serve as identifying medical research trends and monitoring international collaborations. However, in Türkiye, research in this area remains limited. Bibliometric analysis techniques are divided into two main categories: performance analysis, which evaluates the productivity and impact of research components, and science mapping, which examines the relationships between these components. Performance analysis employs metrics such as publication and citation counts, as well as the h-index, while science mapping involves citation analysis, co-citation analysis, co-word analysis, and author analysis. This study explores the history, methodology, and application of bibliometric analysis in the medical literature. It also compares bibliometric analysis with traditional literature review methods such as meta-analysis and systematic reviews. Furthermore, the study aims to provide detailed guidance on how to conduct bibliometric analysis effectively.
Keywords: Bibliometric analysis; citation analysis; performance analysis; scientific mapping; meta-analysis; systematic literature review
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