Objective: To assess the therapeutic effectiveness of cyclosporine A 0.05% ophthalmic solution in treating grade 1 acquired punctal stenosis and compare its outcomes with rectangular 3-snip punctoplasty. Material and Methods: This prospective study included 33 patients with fibrotic or membranous grade 1 punctal stenosis. Punctal dilation, canalicular probing, and nasolacrimal duct irrigation were performed on all patients before being assigned to Group A (n=17, cyclosporine A %0.05 eye drops twice daily for 6 months) or Group B (n=16, punctoplasty). Epiphora was assessed using the Fluorescein Dye Disappearance Test (FDDT), Munk score, and Lacrimal Symptom Questionnaire (Lac-Q) at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6 months. Functional success was defined as a Munk score of 0-1 and an FDDT grade of 0-2, while anatomical success was determined by the presence of a grade 3 punctum at the 6-month follow-up. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in Munk, Lac-Q, and FDDT scores over time (p<0.001). At 6 months, Group A had significantly lower Munk scores (p=0.004) and better FDDT scores at 6 weeks (p=0.002) than Group B. Functional success was greater in Group A (76.5%) compared to Group B (43.8%) (p=0.052, odds ratio=4.18, 95% confidence interval: 0.94-18.61). Punctal restenosis occurred in 21.2% (7/33), all with fibrotic-type stenosis. Conclusion: Cyclosporine A demonstrated greater functional success than punctoplasty despite similar anatomical outcomes, suggesting inflammatory modulation as a key factor in treatment. Given the persistence of functional epiphora and restenosis risk after punctoplasty, cyclosporine A may be a promising alternative. Additional large-scale studies are required to evaluate its long-term effectiveness.
Keywords: Lacrimal apparatus diseases; cyclosporine
Amaç: Topikal siklosporin A 0.05% göz damlasının 1. derece edinsel punktum stenozu tedavisindeki etkinliğini değerlendirmek ve sonuçlarını rektangular ''3-snip'' punktoplasti ile karşılaştırmak. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu prospektif çalışmaya fibrotik veya membranöz grade 1 punktum stenozu tanısı almış 33 hasta dâhil edildi. Tüm hastalara punktum dilatasyonu, Kanaliküler açıklığın prob ile değerlendirilmesi ve nazolakrimal kanal irrigasyonu yapıldıktan sonra 2 gruba ayrıldı: Grup A (n=17, hastalara günde 2 kez olacak şekilde 6 ay boyunca siklosporin A %0.05 göz damlası) ve Grup B (n=16, punktoplasti). Hastaların epiforası Floresein Boya Kaybolma Testi (FDDT), Munk skoru ve Gözyaşı Semptom Anketi (Lac-Q) ile başlangıçta, 6. haftada ve 6. ayda değerlendirildi. Fonksiyonel başarı, Munk skoru 0-1 ve FDDT skoru 0-2 olarak tanımlandı, anatomik başarı ise 6. ayda grade 3 punktum elde edilmesi olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Her iki grupta Munk, Lac-Q ve FDDT skorlarında anlamlı iyileşme gözlendi (p<0,001). 6. ayda, Grup A'nın Munk skorları anlamlı derecede daha düşük bulundu (p=0,004) ve 6. haftada FDDT skorları Grup B'ye kıyasla daha iyiydi (p=0,002). Fonksiyonel başarı Grup A'da %76,5, Grup B'de %43,8 olarak hesaplandı (p=0,052, odds ratio=4,18, 95% güven aralığı: 0,94-18,61). Punktal restenoz %21,2 oranında (7/33) gözlendi ve tümü fibrotik tip stenozu olan hastalarda gelişti. Sonuç: Siklosporin A göz damlası, anatomik sonuçlar benzer olmasına rağmen punktoplastiye kıyasla daha yüksek fonksiyonel başarı göstermiş ve enflamasyonun edinsel punktum stenozu yönetiminde önemli bir rol oynadığını düşündürmüştür. Punktoplasti sonrası fonksiyonel epiforanın devam edebilmesi ve restenoz riski göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, siklosporin A gibi minimal invaziv alternatifler ümit verici bir tedavi seçeneği olabilir. Uzun dönem sonuçlarını değerlendirmek için geniş ölçekli çalışmalar gerekmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Lakrimal sistem hastalıkları; siklosporin
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