Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Nomofobi ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Becerileri: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
Nomophobia and Healthy Living Skills in Nursing Students: Description Research
Sebahat ATALIKOĞLU BAŞKANa , Necla KASIMOĞLUb , Demet GÜNEŞa
aErzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Erzincan, Türkiye
bErzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD,Erzincan, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2023;15(3):642-50
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2023-95310
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Amaç: Araştırma, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin nomofobi düzeyini ve sağlıklı yaşam becerilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı türdeki araştırma Haziran-Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasında Türkiye'nin doğusunda bir üniversitenin sağlık bilimleri fakültesi hemşirelik bölümünde okuyan 336 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirildi. Araştırma verileri çevrim içi olarak kişisel bilgi formu, Nomofobi Ölçeği ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Becerileri Ölçeği kullanılarak toplandı. Araştırmanın verileri; sayı, yüzdelik, ortalama, independet t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi, Skewness ve Kurtosis testleri kullanılarak SPSS 25 programında analiz edildi. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin Nomofobi Ölçeği'nden 83,79±28,09 puan ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Becerileri Ölçeği'nden ise 64,48±8,57 ortalama puan aldıkları belirlendi. Ayrıca cinsiyet, günlük internette geçirilen zaman, telefonu kontrol etme sıklığı, uyandığında telefona bakma durumu, akıllı telefon kullanım amacı ile Nomofobi Ölçeği toplam ortalama puanı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu (p<0,05). Sonuç: Öğrencilerin orta düzeyde nomofobi yaşadıkları ve sağlıklı yaşam becerilerinin olumlu yönde olduğu belirlendi. Bu nedenle sivil toplum kuruluşları ve üniversiteler iş birliği ile telefon bağımlılığını azaltıcı koruyucu ruh sağlığı programlarının oluşturulması ve uygulamaya konulması, gençlere internet kullanımı, bağımlılık yapan çevrim içi uygulamalardan uzak durma, stres ve olumsuz duyguları ile başa çıkma, kişiler arası ilişkiler ve günlük yaşam aktiviteleri konusunda beceriler kazandırma, serbest zaman kullanımı gibi konularda eğitim verilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hemşirelik öğrencileri, nomofobi, sağlıklı yaşam becerileri
ABSTRACT
Objective: The research was carried out to determine the level of nomophobia and healthy life skills of nursing students. Material and Methods: The descriptive study was conducted between June and July 2021 with 336 students studying in the nursing department of a university in eastern Türkiye. Research data were collected online using a personal information form, Nomophobia and Healthy Living Skills Scale. The data of the study were analyzed in the SPSS 25 program using number, percentile, mean, independet t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Skewness and Kurtosis tests. Results: It was determined that the students got an average of 83.79±28.09 points from the Nomophobia Scale and 64.48±8.57 from the Healthy Living Skills Scale. In addition, a statistically significant relationship was found between gender, time spent on the internet, frequency of checking the phone, looking at the phone when waking up, the purpose of using a smartphone and the total mean score of the Nomophobia Scale (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is determined that the students about the importance of efficient and healthy use of technology in learning areas and to increase the frequency of education programs aimed at developing healthy living skills in all age groups. For this reason, creating and implementing preventive mental health programs to reduce phone addiction in cooperation with non-governmental organizations and universities, providing youth with skills on internet use, avoiding addictive online applications, coping with stress and negative emotions, interpersonal relations and daily life activities, it is recommended to provide training on issues such as the use of free time.

Keywords: Healthy living skills, nomophobia, nursing student
REFERENCES:
  1. Çevik C, Ciğerci Y, Kılıç İ, Uyar S. Relationship between smartphone addiction and meaning and purpose of life in students of health sciences. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2020;56(3):705-11. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Apak E, Yaman ÖM. Üniversite öğrencilerinde nomofobi yaygınlığı ve nomofobi ile sosyal fobi arasındaki ilişki: Bingöl Üniversitesi örneklemi [The prevalence of nomophobia among university students and nomophobia's relationship with social phobia: The case of Bingöl University]. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions. 2019;6(3):611-29. [Crossref] 
  3. Rodríguez-García AM, Moreno-Guerrero AJ, López Belmonte J. Nomophobia: an individual's growing fear of being without a smartphone-a systematic literature review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(2):580. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  4. Daei A, Ashrafi-Rizi H, Soleymani MR. Nomophobia and Health Hazards: Smartphone Use and Addiction Among University Students. Int J Prev Med. 2019;10:202. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  5. Zhang MX, Wu AMS. Effects of smartphone addiction on sleep quality among Chinese university students: The mediating role of self-regulation and bedtime procrastination. Addict Behav. 2020;111:106552. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Tuco KG, Castro-Diaz SD, Soriano-Moreno DR, Benites-Zapata VA. Prevalence of Nomophobia in University students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Healthc Inform Res. 2023;29(1):40-53. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  7. Işcan G, Yildirim Baş F, Özcan Y, Özdoğanci C. Relationship between "nomophobia" and material addiction "cigarette" and factors affecting them. International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2021;75(4):e13816. [Crossref] 
  8. Yıldırım S, Kişioğlu AN. Teknolojinin getirdiği yeni hastalıklar: nomofobi, netlessfobi, FoMO [New diseases due to technology: nomophobia, netlessphobia, FoMO]. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;25(4):473-80. [Crossref] 
  9. Bal E, Balcı Ş. Akıllı cep telefonu bağımlılığı: kişilik özellikleri ve kullanım örüntülerinin etkinliği üzerine bir inceleme [Smartphone addiction: a study on efficacy of personality traits and usage patterns]. Erciyes İletişim Dergisi. 2020;7(1):369-94. [Crossref] 
  10. Moreno-Guerrero AJ, López-Belmonte J, Romero-Rodríguez JM, Rodríguez-García AM. Nomophobia: impact of cell phone use and time to rest among teacher students. Heliyon. 2020;6(5):e04084. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. Park J, Jeong JE, Park SY, Rho MJ. Development of the smartphone addiction risk rating score for a smartphone addiction management application. Front Public Health. 2020;8:485. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  12. Savucu Y. Sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları [Healthy life style behaviors]. Spor ve Rekreasyon Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020;2(1):34-43. [Link] 
  13. Şen MA, Ceylan A, Kurt ME, Palancı Y, Adın C. Sağlık hizmetleri meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ve etkileyen faktörler [Healthy lifestyle behaviours of vocational school of health services students and influential factors]. Dicle Medical Journal. 2017;44(1):1-11. [Crossref] 
  14. Genç A, Karaman F. Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Sağlıklı Yaşam Becerileri Ölçeği'nin geliştirilmesi [Developing of Healthy Life Skills Scale in University Students]. IGUSABDER. 2019;7:656-69. [Crossref] 
  15. Çapık C. Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmalarında doğrulayıcı faktör analizinin kullanımı [Use of confirmatory factor analysis in validity and reliability studies]. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2014;17(3):196-205 [Link] 
  16. Yıldırım C, Correia A. Exploring the dimensions of nomophobia: Development and validation of a self-reported questionnaire. Computers in Human Behavior. 2015;49:130-7. [Crossref] 
  17. Yıldırım C, Sumuer E, Adnan M, Yıldırım S. A growing fear: prevalence of nomophobia among Turkish college students. Information Development. 2016;32(5):1322-31. [Crossref] 
  18. Bartwal J, Nath B. Evaluation of nomophobia among medical students using smartphone in north India. Med J Armed Forces India. 2020;76(4):451-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  19. Kumar R, Kumari S, Bharti P, Sharma D. Nomophobia: A rising concern among Indian students. Ind Psychiatry J. 2021;30(2):230-3. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  20. Schwaiger E, Tahir R. Nomophobia and its predictors in undergraduate students of Lahore, Pakistan. Heliyon. 2020;6(9):e04837. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  21. Karaca T. Aslan S. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin sağlık durumu algılarının ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının belirlenmesi [Determination of health status perceptions and healthy life style behaviors of nursing students]. Acibadem Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;4:734-9. [Link] 
  22. Özenoğlu A, Yalnız T, Uzdil Z. Sağlık eğitiminin beslenme alışkanlıkları ve sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları üzerine etkisi [The effect of health education on nutritional status and healthy life style behavior among university students]. Acibadem Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;9(3):234-42. [Link] 
  23. Vural Irmak P, Bakır N. Meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ve etkileyen faktörler [Healthy life style behaviours and related influencing factors of the students of vocational school of health services]. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;6(1):36-42. [Link] 
  24. Aguilera-Manrique G, Márquez-Hernández VV, Alcaraz-Córdoba T, Granados-Gámez G, Gutiérrez-Puertas V, Gutiérrez-Puertas L. The relationship between nomophobia and the distraction associated with smartphone use among nursing students in their clinical practicum. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0202953. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  25. Okuyan CB, Güner PD, Güneş SU. Hemşirelik ve tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin nomofobi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi [Determination of nomophobia levels of nursing and medical students]. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;8(4):372-82. [Link] 
  26. Kaçan CY, Örsal Ö. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları düzeyinin değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of healthy life style behaviors level of nursing students]. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2019;9(1):19-24. [Crossref] 
  27. Eren B, Kılıç ZN, Günal SE, Kırcalı MF, Öznacar BB, Topuzoğlu A. Lise öğrencilerinde nomofobinin ve ilişkili etkenlerin değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of nomophobia and related factors in high school students]. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2020;21(2):133-40. [Link] 
  28. Aarthi K, Prathap L, Jothi Priya A, Preetha S. Nomophobia and its impact on health and mind - a structured review. European Journal of Molecular and Clinical Medicine. 2020;7(1):334-41. [Link] 
  29. Erzincanlı S, Zaybak A, Khorshıd L. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları ve zaman yönetimi becerileri [Healthylifestyle behaviors and time-managementskills, and factors affected them of nursing students]. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;31(2):8-25. [Link] 

.: Up To Date

Login



Contact


Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com