Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: REVIEW
Normatif Etiğin İzinde Psikiyatrik Bakım
Psychiatric Care in the Normative Ethics
Beyhan BAĞa
aPsikiyatri Hemşiresi, Mannheim, ALMANYA
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2021;29(2):278-89
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2020-79657
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Etik, ahlaki eylem ve davranış bilimi olduğu kadar, ahlakın söz konusu uygulama alanlarının bir yansıması olarak da tanımlanır. Ahlaki açıdan 'hangi eylem doğru?' anlamına gelen 'ne yapılmalı?' sorusuna yanıt aranır. Buna paralel olarak hemşirelik etiği, hemşirelik bakımının felsefi yansımasıdır. Bu yansıma, felsefi kavramlar teorilerini hemşirelerin uygulama bilgisiyle değerlendirilerek analiz edilir ve yorumlanır. Felsefenin etik alanlarından birini tanımlayan normatif etiğin, davranışlarda doğru/yanlış ve iyi/kötüyü incelemesi hemşirelik etiğiyle uyumluluk gösterir. Normatif etik terimi, somut vakalarda ahlaki davranışlarla ilgilenen geniş bir felsefi etik alanında belirli bir davranışla ilgili alternatif davranış tarzlarıyla somut değer yargıları arasında karar verme eylemi veya kararlarla ilgili genel ilkelerin belirlenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Normatif etiğin görevi, ahlaki değerleri ve normları sorgulayarak, sistematik bir yaklaşıma ulaşmak olarak ifade edilebilir. Normatif etikte uygulama alanlarındaki hemşirelik girişimleriyle ilgili araştırma ve analizler genellikle kurumsal ve kamusal politikaların bu uygulamalara etkisi gibi bakım uygulamalarına odaklanır. Buna karşın hemşirelikte etiğin ne anlama geldiği ve normatif eylemi için uygulamalarda karşılaşılan etik sorunlara yönelik ne yapılması gerektiği etikte yeterince açık değildir. Bu nedenle hemşireliğin tüm alt dallarını kapsayan ve her birinin kendi pozisyonlarını eleştirel bir şekilde incelemesi genel anlamda hemşirelik etiğinin gelişmesi için önemlidir. Dolayısıyla ruh sağlığı ve psikiyatri hemşireliğinde normatif etiğin tanımlanması ve uygulamalardaki etik dilemmalarda kullanılması hemşirelik etiğinin gelişimine yardımcı olacaktır. Bu makalede, psikiyatrik bakımın normatif etikteki rolü tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ruh sağlığı ve psikiyatrik bakım; normatif etik; hemşirelik
ABSTRACT
Ethics is defined as the science of moral action and behavior as well as a reflection of the aforementioned application areas of morality. Morally 'which action is right?' means 'what to do?' the answer to the question is sought. Parallel to this, nursing ethics is the philosophical reflection of nursing care. This reflection, philosophical concepts are analyzed and interpreted by evaluating theories with the application knowledge of nurses. Normative ethical behaviors, which define one of the ethical areas of philosophy, are compatible with nursing ethics because it thinks right/wrong, good/bad. The term normative ethics is intended to identify general principles of decision-making or decisions between alternative behaviors related to a particular behavior and concrete value judgments in a broad field of philosophical ethics dealing with moral behavior in concrete cases. The task of normative ethics can be expressed as reaching a systematic approach by questioning moral values and norms. Research and analysis of nursing initiatives in practice areas in normative ethics generally focus on care practices such as the impact of institutional and public policies on these practices. On the other hand, it is not clear enough in ethics what ethics mean in nursing and what to do about ethical problems encountered in practice for its normative action. For this reason, it is important for the development of nursing ethics in general, that it covers all sub-branches of nursing and that each critically examines their own positions. Therefore, the definition of normative ethics in mental health and psychiatric nursing and its use in ethical dilemmas in practice will help the development of nursing ethics. This article will discuss the role of psychiatric care in normative ethics.

Keywords: Psychiatric mental health nursing; normative ethics; nursing
REFERENCES:
  1. Rehbock T. Fälle oder Prinzipien?-Zur Bedeutung und Kritik ethischer Kasuistik. In: Arbeitsgruppe "Pflege und Ethik" der Akademie für Ethik in der Medizin e.V. Für alle Fälle?"Arbeit mit Fallgeschichten in der Pflegeethik. 1st ed. Hannover: Schlütersche; 2005. p.202-19. [Link] 
  2. Arndt M. Ethik denken, Maßstäbe zum Handeln in der Pflege. 1st ed. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme; 1996. [Link] 
  3. Kettner M. 2x moralisches Selbstbewusstsein. Pflege Aktuell. 2005;59(10):530-5.
  4. FELSEFE [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 04.07.2020]. Felsefi Düşüncenin Nitelikleri. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  5. Vogelstein E, Colbert A. Normative nursing ethics: A literature review and tentative recommendations. Nurs Ethics. 2020;27(1):7-15. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. König E. Normative versus Meta-ethik. Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung. 2020;27(1);108-16. [Link] 
  7. Beauchamp T, Childress J. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001. [Link] 
  8. Beauchamp T. The philosophical basis of psychiatric ethics. In: Bloch S, Chodoff P, Green S, eds. Psychiatric Ethics. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1999. p.29-42. [Link] 
  9. Gräfrath B. Die Normative ethik David Humes. Moral Sense und praktische Vernunft. 1st ed. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler; 1991. p.33. [Crossref] 
  10. Schicha C. Philosophische Ethik. In: Schicha C, Brosda C, eds. Handbuch Medienethik. 1st ed. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften; 2010. p.21-40. [Crossref] 
  11. Von der Pfordten D. Fünf Elemente normativer Ethik. Eine allgemeine Theorie des norma-tiven Individualismus [A General Theory of Normative Individualism]. Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung. 2007;61(3):283-319. [Crossref] 
  12. Pieper A. Einführung in Die Ethik. 6th ed. Tübingen: Francke; 2007. [Link] 
  13. Hiemetzberger M. Ethik. In: Ethik in der Pflege. 1st ed. Wien: Facultas; 2013. p.22-3.
  14. Pieper A. Die Aufgabe der Ethik. In: Einführung in Die Ethik. 5th ed. Tübingen/Basel: A. Francke Verlag; 2003. p.35.
  15. Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri [İnternet]. © 2019-TDK [Erişim tarihi: 25.07.2020.]. Erişim linki: [Link]  25 Temmuz 2020.
  16. Rehbock T. Anthropologie und Ethik. In: Persons ein in Grenzsituationen: Zur Kritik der Ethik medizinischen Handelns. Paderborn: Mentis; 2005. p.75. [Crossref] 
  17. Schleger HA, Mertz M, Meyer-Zehnder B, Reiter-Theil S. Grundlagen Der Entscheidungsfindung. In: Klinische Ethik-METAP (Modular, Ethik, Therapieentscheidung, Allokation, Prozess). Leitlinie für Entscheidungen am Krankenbett. 1st ed. Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p.33-45. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Düwell M, Hübenthal C, Werner HM. Zentrale Begriffe der Ethik. Handbuch Ethik. 1st ed. Stuttgart/Weimar: Metzler; 2002. p.457-63. [Crossref] 
  19. Monteverde S. Das umfeld pflegeethischer reflexion. Handbuch Pflegeethik. Ethisch denken und handeln in den Praxisfeldern der Pflege. 1st ed. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer; 2012. p.19-41. [Link] 
  20. International Council of Nurses [Internet] © 2019 AYNLA ICN code of ethics for nurses. Erişim linki: [Link]  (Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020)
  21. Radden J. Thinking about the repair manual: Technique and technology in psychiatry. In: Phillips J, ed. Philosophical Perspectives on Technology and Psychiatry. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008: p.263-78. [Crossref] 
  22. Rhodes R. Rethinking research ethics. Am J Bioeth. 2005;5(1):7-28. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Radden J, Sadler J. Character virtues in psychiatric practice. Harvard Review of Psychiatry. 2008;16(6):373-80. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Müller-Busch C, Aulbert E. Ethische Probleme in der Lebensendphase. In: Aulbert E, Nauck F, Radbruch L, eds. Lehrbuch der Palliativmedizin. 1st ed. Stuttgart: Schattauer; 2006. p.46-63. [Link] 
  25. Wiesemann C. Das Recht auf Selbstbestimmung und das Arzt-Patient-Verhältnis aus sozialgeschichtlicher Perspektive. In: Toellner R, Wiesing R, eds. Geschichte und Ethik in der Medizin. Von den Schwierigkeiten einer Kooperation. 1st ed. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer; 1997. p.67-89. [Link] 
  26. Draper H, Sorell T. Patients' responsibilities in medical ethics. Bioethics. 2002;16(4):335-52. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Vollmann J. Zwangsbehandlungen in der Psychiatrie [Forced treatment in psychiatry]. Eine ethische Analyse der neuen Rechtslage für die klinische Praxis. 2014; 85:614-20. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Resmî Gazete (01.08.1998, Sayı: 23420) sayılı Hasta Hakları Yönetmeliği; 1998. [Link] 
  29. Rehbock T. Autonomie-Fürsorge-Paternalismus Zur Kritik (medizin-)ethischer Grundbegriffe [Autonomy-care-paternalism to the critique of (medical) ethical basic terms]. Ethik Med. 2002;14:131-50. [Crossref] 
  30. Hofmann I. Ver-rückt in normierter Umgebung. Ethische Überlegungen zur Pflege psychisch veränderter und kranker Menschen. PflegeImpuls. 2001;8:179-85. [Link] 
  31. Fölsch D. Die Prinzipienorientierte Pflegeethik. Ethik in der Pflegepraxis. Anwendung moralischer Prinzipien auf den Pflegealltag. 2nd ed. Wien: Facultas; 2012. p.66.
  32. Townsend M. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Concepts of Care in Evidence-Based Practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company; 2014. [Link] 
  33. Aristoteles. Olof Gigon, çeviri editörü. Die Nikomachische Ethik. 1st ed. München: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag; 1978.
  34. Rabe M. Grundlagen. Pflege und Pflegeausbildung: Spuren des beruflichen Ethos. In: Ethik in der Pflegeausbildung Beiträge zur Theorie und Didaktik. 1st ed. Bern: Verlag Hans Huber, Hogrefe AG; 2009. p.21-32.
  35. Maddox PJ. Administrative ethics and the allocation of scarce ressources. Online Journal of Issues of Nursing. 1998. [Link] 
  36. American Nurses Association (ANA). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretive statements. Silver Spring, MD: American Nurses Association; 2015. [Link] 
  37. Schädle-Deininger H. Ein-Blick in Ethik und Haltungen der psychiatrischen Pflege [Subjective Glance in Ethics and Attitudes in Psychiatric Nursing]. Psychiatr Prax. 2014;41(S01):11-5. [Crossref] 
  38. Lakeman R. Ethics and nursing. In: Barker P, ed. Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. The craft of caring. 2nd ed. London, UK: Edward Arnold (Publishers); 2009. p.607-18. [Link] 
  39. Needham I. Zwangsmaßnahmen und Ethik: Entwurf eines ethischen Modells für die Pflege. Psych Pflege heute. 1997;3:211-6.
  40. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Toplum Ruh Sağlığı Merkezleri Hakkında Yönerge. Ankara: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2014. [Link] 
  41. Şengün İnan F, Çetinkaya Duman Z. Kronik ruhsal hastalıklar ve ailenin damgalanması [Chronic mental illness and family stigma]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Psychiatr Nurs-Special Topics. 2018;4(1):60-6. [Link] 
  42. van der Arend A, Gastmans C. Grundwissen. In: Ethik für Pflegende. 3rd ed. Bern, Göttingen, Toronto, Seattle: Huber Verlag; 1996. p.36.
  43. Lützén K, Schreiber R. Moral survival in a nontherapeutic environment. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 1998;19(4):303-15. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date



Login



Contact


Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com