Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: REVIEW
Adli DNA Fenotipleme: Erkek Tipi Kellik: Geleneksel Derleme
Forensic DNA Phenotyping: Male Pattern Baldness: Traditional Review
Melek ŞENIŞIKa, Özlem BÜLBÜLa, Gönül FİLOĞLUa
aİstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Enstitüsü, Fen Bilimleri ABD, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2023;20(1):64-74
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2023-95361
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Günümüzde göz, saç ve ten rengi, kellik durumu, yaş, yüz morfolojisi, boy uzunluğu gibi gözle görülebilir fiziksel özelliklerin DNA analizleri ile belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar adli bilimlerin ilgi odağı hâline gelmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, şüphelilerin, felaket kurbanlarının veya kayıp kişilerin kimliklendirilmesinde ya da olası şüpheli/kişi havuzunun daraltılmasında adalet sistemine yararlı olabilir. Geleneksel adli DNA analizlerinde sıklıkla kullanılan kısa ardışık tekrar dizileri ile çalışırken karşılaştırma örneklerine gereksinim duyulmaktadır. Ancak şüphelinin bulunmadığı dolayısıyla karşılaştırma örneğinin olmadığı durumlarda, olay yerinden elde edilen biyolojik delillerden mümkün olduğunca fazla bilgi elde etmek için farklı DNA belirteçleri ve analiz yöntemleri kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Adli bilimlerde tek nükleotid polimorfizm [single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)] belirteçleri kimliklendirmede, fenotiplemede, nesep ve soy tayininde kullanılmaktadır. Fenotipik özellikleri etkileyen gen polimorfizmlerinden biri olan erkek tipi kellik [male pattern baldness (MPB)] ile ilgili yapılan literatür çalışmaları, bir suçla ilişkili veya kimliklendirmede kullanılmak üzere SNP belirteçlerinin kelliği tahmin etme potansiyeli açışından önemli bilgiler verdiğini göstermektedir. İnsan görünümünün en dikkat çeken özelliklerinden biri olan kellik fenotipinin şüphelilerin olmadığı kriminal vakalarda ve kayıp kişilerin eşkâlini belirlemede kolaylık sağlayarak, soruşturmaya yön vermek açısından oldukça değerli bilgiler sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu makalede, adli DNA fenotipleme kavramı, MPB fenotipi ve sınıflandırılması, MPB tahmininde kullanılan SNP belirteçleri ve güncel adli uygulama yöntemleri tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Erkek tipi kellik; androgenetik alopesi; adli DNA fenotipleme; tek nükleotid polimorfizmi
ABSTRACT
 Today, studies carried out to determine the characteristics related to externally visible characteristics such as eye, hair and skin colour, baldness, age, facial morphology, and height, by DNA analysis, have become the focus of attention of forensic sciences. It is thought that the information obtained as a result of these studies will be very useful for the justice system in identifying unknown suspects, victims of disasters or missing persons or as a screening criterion. Comparison samples are needed when working with short tandem repeats, which are frequently used in traditional forensic DNA analysis. However, in cases where the suspect is not present and therefore there is no comparison sample, different DNA markers and analysis methods have been used to obtain as much information as possible from the biological evidence obtained from the crime scene. In forensic sciences, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are used in identification, phenotype determination, lineage and ancestry determination. One of the gene polymorphisms affecting phenotypic traits is male pattern baldness (MPB). Literature studies on MPB, which is one of the gene polymorphisms affecting phenotypic traits, show that SNP markers provide essential information in terms of the potential to predict baldness to be used in a crime or identification. It is thought that the baldness phenotype, which is one of the most striking features of the human appearance, will provide very valuable information in terms of guiding the investigation by facilitating the determination of the description of the persons in criminal cases where there are no suspects and in the disappearance cases. In this article, the concept of forensic phenotyping, MPB phenotype and classification, SNP markers used to predict MPB, and current forensic application methods are discussed.

Keywords: Male pattern baldness; androgenetic alopecia; forensic DNA phenotyping; single nucleotide polymorphism
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"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com