Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
An Investigation on the Opinions of Special Teachers Regarding Inclusion/Integration
Özel Eğitim Kurumlarında Görev Yapan Eğitimcilerin Kaynaştırma/Bütünleştirme ile İlgili Görüşlerinin Belirlenmesi
Neriman ARALa, Figen GÜRSOYa, Burçin AYSUb
aAnkara University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development, Ankara, TURKEY
bAnkara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Child Development, Ankara, TURKEY
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2020;5(2):211-8
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2019-70629
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the opinions of special education teachers on inclusion. Teachers who were employed at special education schools in Ankara and who agreed to participate voluntarily were included in the study. Material and Methods: The study adopted the interview technique, a qualitative research method. The semi-structured 'Interview Form for Determining Opinions on Inclusive Practices' developed by the researchers with peer debriefing was used to gather information on the special education teachers. Results: The study results revealed that the special education teachers mainly provided individual instruction to children by utilizing materials, that they organized parent-teacher meetings for the families and participated in school meetings on inclusive practices with classroom teachers, that they were unable to intervene in some situations and experienced problems due to the negative perception of school staff, administrators and parents toward inclusion. In addition to decreasing the number of included students in classes, providing in-service training to classroom teachers, increasing the number of class hours, organizing parentteacher meetings and educational support for students, the special teachers also said they would maintain the existing inclusive activities without modification and discontinue inclusive education if they were authorized. Furthermore, the special education teachers emphasized that the children with special needs were subjected to exclusion from diagnosis to inclusive education, that these children compared themselves with normally developing children, experienced anxiety and were traumatized throughout the process, and that parents greatly struggled with acceptance. Conclusion: The results of the study aimed to investigate the opinions of teachers working at special schools on inclusive practices showed that the participants mainly provided individual instruction to children by utilizing materials and organized parent-teacher meetings for the families.

Keywords: Special education; inclusion; special school
ÖZET
Amaç: Araştırmada özel eğitim kurumlarında görev yapan eğitimcilerin kaynaştırma uygulamalarına ilişkin düşüncelerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya Ankara ilinde özel eğitim kurumlarında görev yapan ve araştırmaya gönüllü katılan eğitimciler dahil edilmiştir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Eğitimcilere ilişkin bilgi elde etmek amacıyla araştırmacılar tarafından uzman görüşü alınarak geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış 'Kaynaştırma Uygulamaları ile ilgili Düşünceleri Belirlemeye Yönelik Görüşme Formu' kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışma sonucunda eğitimcilerin; çocukların gelişimlerini desteklemek için çocuklara yönelik daha çok materyallerden destek alarak bireysel eğitim verdikleri, ailelere yönelik olarak veli görüşmesi yaptıkları, kaynaştırma uygulamaları ile ilgili okuldaki toplantılara katılarak sınıf öğretmenleri ile görüşme yaptıkları, bazı durumlarda ise müdahale edemedikleri, okuldaki çalışan, yöneticiler ve velilerin kaynaştırmaya ilişkin olumsuz bakış açısı nedeniyle sorun yaşadıkları saptanmıştır. Eğitimciler kaynaştırma uygulamaları ile ilgili kendilerine bir yetki verildiğinde sınıflarda kaynaştırma öğrencilerinin sayısını azaltmak, sınıf öğretmenlerine hizmet içi eğitim vermek, ders saatini arttırmak, veli görüşmesi yapmak, toplantılar düzenlemek, çocuklara destek eğitim vermek gibi önerilerin yanında kaynaştırma ile ilgili çalışmaları değiştirmeden aynı şekilde uygulamaya devam etmek ve kaynaştırmayı kaldırmak gibi çözüm önerileri de getirmiştir. Eğitimciler; özel gereksinimli olan çocukların tanıdan kaynaştırmaya kadar olan süreçte dışlandığını, kendini normal gelişim gösteren çocuklarla kıyasladığını, kaygı yaşadıklarını, süreç boyunca yıprandıklarını ya da farkında olmadıklarını belirtmiş, ailelerin ise kabullenme sürecinde büyük sorun yaşadığını ifade etmiştir. Sonuç: Özel eğitim kurumlarımda görev yapan eğitimcilerin kaynaştırma uygulamalarına ilişkin düşüncelerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılan araştırmanın sonucunda araştırmaya dahil edilen eğitimcilerin çocukların gelişimlerini desteklemek için çocuklara yönelik daha çok materyallerden destek alarak bireysel eğitim verdikleri, ailelere yönelik olarak ise veli görüşmesi yapmakta oldukları saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Özel eğitim; kaynaştırma; özel eğitim kurumu
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