Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Ebelik Bölümü Öğrencilerinin Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzlarının ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi: Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Örneği
Investigation of Stress Coping Style and Affecting Factors of Midwifery Department Students: Example of Faculty of Health Sciences
Nurten ÖZENa, Bilge BAL ÖZKAPTANb, Yyldyz DOVRANOVAc, Füsun TERZİOĞLUd
aDemiroğlu Bilim Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Hastanesi, Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
bSinop Üniversitesi Sağlık Yüksekokulu, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Sinop, TÜRKİYE
cİstinye Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ebelik Bölümü, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
dAtılım Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2020;5(3):439-49
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2019-71321
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ebelik öğrencilerinin stresle başa çıkma tarzlarının ve etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, Ocak 2019-Şubat 2019 tarihleri arasında İstinye Üniversitesinin ebelik bölümünde öğrenim gören iki ve üçüncü sınıf öğrencileri ile yürütüldü. Yerel etik kurul izni ile okuldan gerekli izinler ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden öğrencilerin aydınlatılmış onamları alındı. Veriler, ''Katılımcıların Tanıtıcı Özelliklerine İlişkin Soru Formu'' ile ''Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği'' kullanılarak toplandı. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizinde ''Mann-Whitney U'', ''Kruskal-Wallis'' ve ''Bonferroni Düzeltmeli Mann-Whitney U'' testleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Araştırma, 85 öğrenci ile tamamlandı. Öğrencilerin stresle baş etmede sıklıkla kendine güvenli yaklaşım, çaresiz yaklaşım ve iyimser yaklaşım sergiledikleri görüldü. Stres karşısında sigara kullanmayan öğrencilerin iyimser yaklaşım sergiledikleri (p=0,043), sosyal yaşantısında stres yaratan durumları bulunmayan öğrencilerin daha fazla kendine güvenli yaklaşım (p=0,003) sergiledikleri görüldü. elir durumu, ebeveynlerin çalışma durumu ve ikamet edilen yer ile stresle başa çıkma tarzları ölçeği alt boyut puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık görüldü (p<0,05). Sonuç: Ebelik öğrencilerinin stresle başa çıkma yöntemlerinden en çok kendine güvenli yaklaşım sergiledikleri belirlenmiştir. Sosyal yaşantıda stres yaşayan, sigara kullanan, ebeveynleri çalışmayan, gelir düzeyi düşük olan ve yurtta yaşayan öğrencilerin, stresle başa çıkmada etkisiz yöntemler kullandıkları örüldü. Öğrencilerin eğitim sürecinde stresörlerinin azaltılması, stresle başa çıkma konusunda bilgi ve becerisini destekleyici danışmanlık verilmesi ve düzenli hizmet alabilecekleri birimlerin kurulması önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Stres; ebelik; başa çıkma; öğrenci
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the stresscoping styles of midwifery students and the affecting factors. Material and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with second and third grade students at the midwifery department of a university between January and February 2019. The permission of the local ethics committee with necessary permissions from the school and informed consents of the students participating in the study were obtained. The data was collected using ''Questionnaire on the Descriptive Characteristics of the Participants'' and ''Stress Coping Styles Scale''. The tests of Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni Corrected Mann-Whitney U were applied for statistical analysis of the data obtained. Results: The study was achieved with 85 students. It was observed that the students frequently presented selfconfident approach, helplessness approach and optimistic approach in coping with stress. Students who did not smoke showed an optimistic approach in coping with stress (p=0.043) and students without stressful state in their social life showed more self-confident approach (p=0.003). Statistically significant difference was determined between income, the working status of the parents, place of residence and means of the subscale scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was found that midwifery students showed self-confident pproach most among the methods of coping with stress. Those experiencing stress in social life, smokers, whose parents without any job, having low income and living in dormitories were observed to show ineffective methods. Reducing the stressors of the students through education process, counseling to support their knowledge and skills for coping with stress and establishing units where they can receive regular service may be recommended.

Keywords: Stress; midwifery; coping; college student
REFERENCES:
  1. Avşaroğlu S, Üre Ö. [Investigation the differentiation of the styles of self-esteem, decision-making and coping with stress of university students on decision-making according to some variables]. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2007;18:85-100.[Link] 
  2. Sülemiş İ, Dönmez L. [Coping strategies with stress among female staff at a university hospital]. Akd Tıp D. 2017;1:41-7.[Crossref] 
  3. Muris P, Schmidt H, Lambrichs R, Meesters C. Protective and vulnerability factors of depression in normal adolescents. Behav Res Ther. 2001;39(5):555-65.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  4. International Confederation of Midwives (ICM). Essential competencies for midwifery practice, 2018 Update.Last accessed: 10 November 2019.[Link] 
  5. Kantek F, Kazanci G. An analysis of the satisfaction levels of nursing and midwifery students in a health college in Turkey. Contemp Nurse. 2012;42(1):36-44.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  6. Pryjmachuk S, Richards DA. Predicting stress in pre-registration midwifery students attending a university in Northern England. Midwifery. 2008;24(1):108-22.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  7. Miv?ek P, Äimälä AM, Žvanut B, Tuomi J. Midwifery students' well-being among undegraduates in Slovenia: a pilot study. Midwifery. 2018;61:63-5.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  8. Khajehei M, Ziyadlou S, Hadzic M, Kashefi F. The genesis and consequences of stress among midwifery students. BJM. 2011;19( 6):379-85.[Link] 
  9. Chernomas WM, Shapiro C. Stress, depression, and anxiety among undergraduate nursing students. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh. 2013;10.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  10. McCarthy B, Trace A, O'Donovan M, Brady-Nevin C, Murphy M, O'Shea M, et al. Nursing and midwifery students' stress and coping during their undergraduate education programmes: An integrative review. Nurse Educ Today. 2018;61:197-209.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  11. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. 1st ed. New York: Springer; 1984.
  12. Bam VB, Oppong GA, Ibitoye MB. Stress and coping mechanisms of nursing students during clinical practice in Ghana. Journal of Science and Technology. 2014;34(2):50-9.[Crossref] 
  13. Wolf L, Stidham AW, Ross R. Predictors of stress and coping strategies of US accelerated vs. generic Baccalaureate Nursing students: an embedded mixed methods study. Nurse Educ Today. 2015;35(1):201-5.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  14. Yeşil P, Öztunç G, Eskimez Z. Personal characteristics and styles of coping with stress of nursing students of a university in Turkey. J Nurs Educ Pract. 2015;5(5):73-81.[Crossref] 
  15. Zhao FF, Lei XL, He W, Gu YH, Li DW. The study of perceived stress, coping strategy and self-efficacy of Chinese undergraduate nursing students in clinical practice. Int J Nurs Pract. 2015;21(4):401-9.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  16. Higginson R. Fears, worries and experiences of first-year pre-registration nursing students: a qualitative study. Nurse Res. 2006;13(3):32-49.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  17. Ahmadi G, Shahriari M, Kohan S, Keyvanara M. Fear, an unpleasant experience among undergraduate midwifery students: A qualitative study. Nurse Educ Pract. 2018;29:110-5.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  18. Lo R. A longitudinal study of perceived level of stress, coping and self-esteem of undergraduate nursing students: an Australian case study. J Adv Nurs. 2002;39(2):119-26.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  19. Güler Ö, Çınar S. [Determining to the perceived stressors and the used coping strategies of the nursing department students].Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, Sempozyum Özel Sayısı. 2010:253-61. Hemşirelik Öğrenci- lerinin Algıladıkları Stresörler ve Kullandıkları Başetme Yöntemlerinin Belirlenmesi - PDF Free Download (docplayer.biz.tr)
  20. Çapık C, Durmaz H, Öztürk M. [Nursing students' styles of coping with stress and factors that affect them: The case of Nicosia]. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;20(3):208-16.[Link] 
  21. Folkman S, Lazarus RS. An analysis of coping in a middle-aged community sample. J Health Soc Behav. 1980;21(3):219-39.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  22. Hisli Şahin N, Durak A. [Scale for coping with stress: Adaptation for university students]. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 1995;10(34):56-73.[Link] 
  23. Temel E, Bahar A, Çuhadar D. [Determination of coping attitude with stress and depression level of nursing students]. Fırat Sağlık Hizmetleri Dergisi. 2007;2(5):107-18.[Link] 
  24. Baloglu N. The relationship between prospective teachers' strategies for coping with stress and their perceptions of student control. Social Behavior and Personality. 2008;36(7):903-10.[Crossref] 
  25. Gibbons C, Dempster M, Moutray M. Stress, coping and satisfaction in nursing students. J Adv Nurs. 2011;67(3):621-32.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  26. Agwu M, Tiemo JA. Problems and prospects of stress management in the Nigeria liquefied natural gas construction project bonny. JETEMS. 2012;3(3):266-71.[Link] 
  27. Kelleci M, Gölbaşı Z, İnal S, Kavakçı Ö. [Strategies of coping with stress among smoker and nonsmoker university students: The effect of gender]. Cumhuriyet Tıp Dergisi. 2012;34(1):9-16.[Crossref] 
  28. Duran S, Gözeten A. [Analysis of relationship between university students' smoking behaviour and coping formats with loneliness and stress]. Bozok Tıp Derg. 2017;7(1):1-7.[Link] 
  29. Rudatsikira E, Abdo A, Muula AS. Prevalence and determinants of adolescent tobacco smoking in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2007;7:176.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  30. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983;24(4):385-96.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  31. Chan CK, So WK, Fong DY. Hong Kong baccalaureate nursing students' stress and their coping strategies in clinical practice. J Prof Nurs. 2009;25(5):307-13. .[PubMed] 
  32. Luo Y, Wang H. Correlation research on psychological health impact on nursing students against stress, coping way and social support. Nurse Educ Today. 2009;29(1):5-8.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  33. Yılmaz M, Ocakçı AF. [Determination the anxiety level of university students one dormitory located]. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi. 2010; 3(1):15-23.[Link] 
  34. Yılmaz M, Yaman Z, Erdoğan, S. [Stressful situation in nursing students and the methods of coping with stress]. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim Derg. 2017;10(2):88-99.[Link] 
  35. Labrague LJ. Stress, stressors, and stress responses of student nurses in a government nursing school. Health Science Journal. 2013;7(4):424-35.[Link] 
  36. Ab Latif R, Mat Nor MZ. Stressors and coping strategies during clinical practice among diploma nursing students. Malays J Med Sci. 2019;26(2):88-98.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC] 
  37. McCarthy B, Trace A, O'Donovan M, O'Regan P, Brady-Nevin C, O'Shea M, et al. Coping with stressful events: A pre-post-test of a psycho-educational intervention for undergraduate nursing and midwifery students. Nurse Educ Today. 2018;61:273-80.[Crossref] [PubMed] 
  38. Eaves JL, Payne N. Resilience, stress and burnout in student midwives. Nurse Educ Today. 2019;79:188-93.[Crossref] [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com