Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: REVIEW
Elefantiyazis (Fil Hastalığı) Tarihi
History of Elephantiasis
Gözde ACIDUMAN SUBAŞIAYa, Berna ARDAb
aHacettepe Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Halk Sağlığı ABD, Ankara, Türkiye
bAnkara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik ABD, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2022;30(3):342-53
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2022-90212
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Hastalık kavramı ve hastalık algısı, tıp tarihinin seyri boyunca bilimsel ve teknolojik gelişmeler, kişiler arası etkileşimler gibi nedenlerle evrilmiştir. Hastalıklar bulundukları coğrafyalara göre isimlendirilmiş, farklı ülke ve kültürlerde farklı isimler alabilmiş veya birbirinden farklı hastalıklar aynı isimle tanımlanabilmiştir. Hastalıkların bugün anladığımız şekliyle açıklanabilmeleri ve karışıklıkların giderilebilmesi ise ancak anatomik, fizyolojik, patolojik ve mikrobiyolojik bağlantıların kurulabilmesiyle mümkün olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, sözü edilen duruma çarpıcı bir örnek olarak elefantiyazis (fil hastalığı) hastalığı ele alınmış, hastalığın geçmişte ve günümüzde nasıl tanımlandığının ve tıp literatüründeki bazı eserlerde ne şekilde açıklandığının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda önce hastalığın patogenezinde yer alan lenfatik sistem ve keşfinden kısaca bahsedilmiş, daha sonra İlk Çağ, Orta Çağ ve Modern Çağlarda yazılmış, içerisinde fil hastalığından bahsedilen çeşitli kaynaklara ulaşılmış ve bu kaynaklarda fil hastalığına ilişkin yazılan bilgiler değerlendirilmiştir. Ulaşılan kaynaklar arasında Sushruta, Kapadokyalı Aratæus, Bergamalı Galenus, Aeginalı Paulus, Alî b. Rabben et-Taberî, Ebû Bekr Muhammed b. Zekeriyyâ er-Râzî, Alî b. el-Abbâs el-Mecûsî, İbn Sînâ, Ebû'l-Kâsım Halef b. Abbâs ez-Zehrâvî, İbnu'n-Nefîs, Hekim Bereket, İshak b. Murad, Hacı Paşa, Abdulvehhâb el-Mârdânî, İbn-i Şerîf, Emir Çelebi, Bursalı Ali Münşî gibi yazarların eserleri bulunmaktadır. İncelenen belgeler ışığında tıp düşüncesinin zaman içindeki değişimine paralel olarak hastalıkların oluşum süreçlerinin anlaşılması ve bunun fil hastalığında bir örneği ortaya konulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Fil hastalığı; dâ'ü'l-fîl; tıp tarihi
ABSTRACT
 The concept of illness and the perception of illness have evolved over the course of the history of medicine for reasons such as scientific and technological developments and interpersonal interactions. Diseases were named according to the geographies they were in, different names were assigned in different countries and cultures, or different diseases could be defined by the same name. The explanation of diseases as we understand them today and the elimination of confusion were only possible by establishing anatomical, physiological, pathological and microbiological connections. As a striking example of such situation, elephantiasis was discussed in this study and it was aimed to examine how the disease was defined in the past and is defined today and how it was explained in some works in the medical literature. For this purpose, first the discovery of lymphatic system, which is involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, was briefly mentioned, then various sources written in antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Modern Era, in which elephantiasis was mentioned, were reached and the information about elephantiasis in these sources was evaluated. Among the sources reached, there are works of authors such as Sushruta, Aratæus of Cappadocia, Galen of Pergamon, Paul of Aegina, Ali b. Rabban al-Tabarî, Abu Bakr Muhammad b. Zakariyya al-Râzî (Rhazes), Ali b. al-Abbas al-Majûsî (Haly Abbas), İbn Sînâ (Avicenna), Abû al-Kâsım Khalaf b. Abbâs ez-Zehrâvî (Albucasis), İbn al-Nafîs, Physician Bereket, İshak b. Murâd, Haji Pasha, Abd al-Wahhâb al-Mârdanî, İbn Sharîf, Emir Çelebi, Ali Munshî of Bursa. In the light of the documents examined, in parallel with the changes in medical thought over time, the understanding of the formation processes of diseases and an example of this were presented for elephantiasis.

Keywords: Elephantiasis; dâ'al-fîl; history of medicine
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"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com