Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Erken ve Zamanında Doğum Yapan Annelerin; Anne Sütü Bileşimleri ve Bebeklerin Büyüme Gelişmelerininİzlenmesi: Prospektif Çalışma
Contents of Breast Milk Obtained from Mothers of Preterm and Term Infants and Monitoring Growth Developments of Babies: Prospective Study
Ayşe Tülay BAĞCI BOSIa
aHacettepe Üniversitesi Halk Sağlığı Enstitüsü, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2023;8(4):575-83
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2023-99515
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmada; erken ve zamanında doğum yapan annelerin kolostrum, geçiş sütü ve tam sütlerindeki; toplam azot, protein, toplam yağ, kalori miktarlarını saptamak ve bebeklerin yaşamlarının ilk yılındaki büyüme gelişmeleri değerlendirmek amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Prospektif epidemiyolojik tipte olan araştırma, erken doğum yapan 28, zamanında doğum yapan 15 anne ve bebekleri ile doğumdan sonraki 1 yıl izlem yapılarak yürütüldü. Annelerin doğum sonrası dönemlerinde; kolostrum, geçiş sütü ve tam süt örnekleri toplandı ve bebeklerin antropometrik ölçümleri yapıldı. Verilerin istatistiksel analizleri; ki-kare, student t-test, tekrarlanan ölçümlerde varyans analizi ve korelasyon analizleri ile yapıldı. Çalışmanın kesim noktası 0,05 olarak seçildi. Bulgular: Çalışma grubundaki annelerin sosyodemografik özellikleri, gebelik-doğum öyküleri ve emzirmeye başlama zamanları arasında fark yoktu. Erken ve zamanında doğum yapan annelerin anne sütü içerikleri tüm dönemlerde farklılık gösterdi ve 100 mL kolostrumlarında sırasıyla (erken-zamanında) ortalama; 2,25-1,97 g protein, 352,49-308,28 mg azot, 4,37-3,0 g yağ ve 75,55-61,82 kcal enerji olduğu bulundu. İzlemin 12. ayında bebeklerin vücut ağırlıkları ortalama erken doğanlarda 10,259 g zamanında doğanlarda 11,333 g olarak bulundu. Erken doğan bebeklerin büyüme hızı ve ivmesi, zamanında doğan bebeklerden yüksekti. Anne sütü bileşimi ile bebeklerin yaşamlarının ilk aylarındaki büyümeleri arasında pozitif ilişki bulundu. Sonuç: Bebeklerin yaşamlarının ilk aylarındaki büyümeleri anne sütlerinin bileşimi ile pozitif ilişkili ve erken doğan bebeklerin boy uzunlukları ile anne sütlerinin protein içeriği arasındaki ilişkinin pozitif olduğu saptandı. Doğum zamanının anne sütü içeriğini etkilemesiyle, erken doğum yapan annelerin anne sütü içerikleri, zamanında doğum yapan annelerin sütlerinin içeriğinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Büyüme; büyüme ivme ve hızı ile değerlendirildiğinde, farklı gestasyon yaşında doğan bebekler arasında büyümede fark olmadığı bulundu.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Erken ve zamanında doğum; anne sütü içeriği; büyüme gelişme
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study; in colostrum, transitional milk, and whole milk of mothers who gave birth preterm and term; was aimed to analyze the total nitrogen, protein, total fat, and calorie amounts and to evaluate the growth and development of babies in the first year of their lives. Material and Methods: This prospective epidemiological study was conducted with 28 mothers who gave birth preterm and 15 who gave birth term. Their babies were followed up for 1 year after birth. In the postpartum period of mothers; colostrum, transitional milk, and whole milk samples were collected and anthropometric measurements of the infants were taken. Statistical analysis of data; chi-square, student-t test, analysis of variance in repeated measurements, and correlation analysis were run. The cut-off point was 0.05. Results: There was no difference between the socio-demographic characteristics, pregnancy-birth histories, and breastfeeding initiation time of the mothers' two groups. Breast milk contents of preterm and term mothers differed in all periods and averaged in 100 mL colostrum, respectively; 2.25- 1.97 g protein, 352.49-308.28 mg nitrogen, 4.37-3.0 g fat and 75.55-61.82 kcal of energy. At the end of the first year of the follow-up, the average body weight of the babies was 10.259 g in preterm infants. 11.333 g in term babies. The growth rate and acceleration of preterm babies were higher than those born in the term. A positive correlation was found between the composition of breast milk and infants' growth in the first months of life. Conclusion: It was determined that the growth of infants in the first months of their lives was positively related to the composition of breast milk, and the relation between the length of preterm infants and the protein content of breast milk was positive. With the delivery time affecting the breast milk content, the breast milk content of mothers who gave birth preterm was higher than the term mother's breast milk content. While the growth of the baby was evaluated with growth acceleration and velocity, it was found that there was no difference in growth between babies born at different gestational ages.

Keywords: Preterm and term birth; breast milk composition; growth and development
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