Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Geleceğin Sağlık Profesyonellerinin Uygulama Alanlarında Karşılaştıkları Şiddet
The Violence That Future Health Experts Face in Their Practice Areas
Arzu YÜKSELa, Saadet ERZİNCANLIa
aAksaray Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Aksaray, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2020;17(2):142-8
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2020-73598
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Araştırma, hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin uygulama alanlarında karşılaştıkları şiddeti belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı olarak gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın örneklemini, bir sağlık bilimleri fakültesi hemşirelik bölümünde okuyan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 329 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan anket formu ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; sayı ve yüzde hesaplamaları kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin %15,2'sinin, üniversite eğitimi sırasında klinik uygulamalarında şiddete maruz kaldığı, şiddet görenlerin %50'sinin ikinci sınıfta şiddete maruz kaldığı, %75,8'inin sözel şiddet gördüğü, %58,3'ünün hasta ve hasta yakınlarından, %35'inin ise hemşirelerden şiddet gördüğü belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin şiddet görme sebepleri olarak stajyer öğrenci olmak (%27,6), karşıdakinin kişiliği (%18,7) olarak ifade ettikleri saptanmıştır. Uygulama alanında karşılaştıkları şiddet karşısında öğrencilerin %24,3'ünün anında tepki verdiği, %22,3'ünün ise arkadaşları ve ailesiyle paylaştığını ifade ettiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Öğrencilerin uygulama alanında maruz kaldığı şiddet türü çoğunlukla sözel şiddet olup, şiddet uygulayanların çoğunluğunu ise hasta/hasta yakınları ve hemşireler oluşturmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Öğrenciler; hemşirelik; şiddet; klinik stajyerlik
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The research was conducted in order to determine the violence that nursing students were exposed to in their practice areas. Material and Methods: The sample of this descriptive research constitutes 329 students studying in nursing departments of health sciences faculties and who accepted to take part in the research. Data were collected by the questionnaire prepared by researchers. In the evaluation of the data; number and percentage calculations were used. Results: Of the students who participated in the research, 15.2% were exposed to violence in their clinical practice, 50.0% were exposed to violence in their second grade, 75.8% were exposed to verbal violence, 58.3% were exposed to violence by the patient and his relatives and 35.0% were exposed to violence by nurses. It was determined that the reasons of being exposed to violence according to the students are being an intern student (27.6%), personality (18.7%). It was found that when exposed to violence in their practice areas; 24.3% of the students reacted immediately, 22.3% shared this with his family and friends. Conclusion: The type of violence which the students were exposed to in their practice areas is mostly verbal violence and the majority of the people who commit violence are patients/ their relatives and nurses.

Keywords: Students; nursing; violence; clinical clerkship
REFERENCES:
  1. Saines JC. Violence and aggression in A&E: recommendations for action. Accid Emerg Nurs. 1999;7(1):8-12. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Al B, Zengin S, Deryal Y, Gökçen C, Arı Yılmaz D, Yıldırım C. [Increased violence towards health care staff]. JAEM. 2012;11:115-24.
  3. Elliott PP. Violence in health care. What nurse managers need to know? Nurs Manage. 1997;28(12):38-41;quiz 42. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Kingma M. Workplace violence in the health sector: a problem of epidemic proportion. Int Nurs Rev. 2001;48(3):129-30. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Özcan Keser N, Bilgin H. [Violence towards healthcare workers in Turkey: a systematic review]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2011;31(6):1442-56. [Crossref] 
  6. Hamzaoglu N, Türk B. Prevalence of physical and verbal violence against health care workers in Turkey. Int J Health Serv. 2019;49(4):844-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Keely BR. Recognition and prevention of hospital violence. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2002;21(6):236-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Fernandes CM, Bouthillette F, Raboud JM, Bullock L, Moore CF, Christenson JM, et al. Violence in the emergency department: a survey of health care workers. CMAJ. 1999;161(10):1245-8. [PubMed] 
  9. Stirling G, Higgins, JE, Cooke MV. Violence in A&E departments: a systematic review of the literature. Accid Emerg Nurs. 2001;9(2):77-85. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Lin YH, Liu HE. The impact of workplace violence on nurses in South Taiwan. Int J Nurs Stud. 2005;42(7):773-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  11. Uzun O. Perceptions and experiences of nurses in Turkey about verbal abuse in clinical settings. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2003;35(1):81-5. [PubMed] 
  12. Alçelik A, Deniz F, Yeşildal N, Mayda AS, Ayakta Şerifi B. [Health survey and life habits of nurses who work at the Medical Faculty Hospital at AIBU]. TSK Koruyucu Hekimlik Bülteni. 2005;4(2):55-65.
  13. Ayranci U. Violence toward health care workers in emergency departments in West Turkey. J Emerg Med. 2005;28(3):361-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Senuzun Ergün F, Karadakovan A. Violence towards nursing staff in emergency departments in one Turkish city. Int Nurs Rev. 2005;52(2):154-60. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Celik Y, Celik SS. Sexual harassment against nurses in Turkey. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2007;39(2):200-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Celik SS, Celik Y, Ağirbaş I, Uğurluoğlu O. Verbal and physical abuse against nurses in Turkey. Int Nurs Rev. 2007;54(4):359-66. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Gökçe T, Dündar C. [The frequency of exposing to violence and its effects on state and trait anxiety levels among the doctors and nurses working in Samsun Psychiatry Hospital]. İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2008;15(1):25-8.
  18. Kisa S. Turkish nurses' experiences of verbal abuse at work. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2008;22(4):200-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Woo HY, Tak YR. Professional self-concept and caring perception in nursing students. Advanced Science and Technology Letters. 2015;88:79-82. [Crossref] 
  20. Ferns T, Meerabeau L. Verbal abuse experienced by nursing students. J Adv Nurs. 2008;61(4):436-44. [PubMed] 
  21. Ferns T. Meerabeau E. Reporting behaviours of nursing students who have experienced verbal abuse. J Adv Nurs. 2009;65(12):2678-88. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Bartholomew K. Ending nurse-to-nurse hostility, why nurses eat their young and each other. 2nd ed. Danvers, Massachusetts: HCPro, Inc; 2014. p.253.
  23. Celik SS, Bayraktar N. A study of nursing student abuse in Turkey. J Nurs Educ. 2004;43(7):330-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  24. Thomas SP, Burk R. Junior nursing students' experiences of vertical violence during clinical rotations. Nurs Outlook. 2009;57(4):226-31. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Lash AA, Kulakaç O, Buldukoglu K, Kukulu K. Verbal abuse of nursing and midwifery students in clinical settings in Turkey. J Nurs Educ. 2006;45(10):396-403. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Longo J. Horizontal violence among nursing students. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2007;21(3): 177-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Hinchberger PA. Violence against female student nurses in the workplace. Nurs Forum. 2009;44(1):37-46. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Celebioğlu A, Balci Akpinar R, Küçükoğlu S, Engin R. Violence experienced by Turkish nursing students in clinical settings: their emotions and behaviors. Nurse Educ Today. 2010;30(7):687-91. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Ateş D, Kaplan A, Öztürk S, Zorlu Ö, Akburak M, Çelikel E, et al. [Mobbing to the nursing students during clinical practices]. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2014;2(1):30-8.
  30. Öztürk A, Ulaş Karaahmetoğlu G. [An analysis of student nurses' exposure to mobbing during clinical practice: Kastamonu University Sample]. International Social Sciences Studies Journal. 2019;5(30):642-54. [Crossref] 
  31. Gillespie GL, Gates DM, Miller M, Howard PK. Violence against healthcare workers in a pediatric emergency department. Adv Emerg Nurs J. 2010;32(1):68-82. [Crossref] 
  32. Murray JS. Workplace bullying in nursing: a problem that can't be ignored. Medsurg Nurs. 2009;18(5):273-6. [PubMed] 
  33. Randle J. Bullying in the nursing profession. J Adv Nurs. 2003;43(4):395-401. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  34. Gates DM, Gillespie GL, Succop P. Violence against nurses and its impact on stress and productivity. Nurs Econ. 2011;29(2):59-66, quiz 67. [PubMed] 
  35. Park JE, Kim DH, Park JH. Violence against nursing students during clinical practice: experiences, perception, responses and coping with violence. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society. 2017;18(10): 652-62.
  36. Tee S, Üzar Özçetin YS, Russell-Westhead M. Workplace violence experienced by nursing students: a UK survey. Nurse Educ Today. 2016;41:30-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  37. Budden LM, Birks M, Cant R, Bagley T, Park T. Australian nursing students' experience of bullying and/or harassment during clinical placement. Collegian. 2017;24(2):125-33. [Crossref] 
  38. Magnavita N, Heponiemi T. Workplace violence against nursing students and nurses: an Italian experience. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2011;43(2):203-10. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  39. Lewis MA. Nurse bullying: organizational considerations in the maintenance and perpetration of health care bullying cultures. J Nurs Manag. 2006;14(1):52-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  40. Ergöl Ş, Kürtüncü M. [Violence experienced by nursing students in clinical practice settings]. J Higher Educ Sci. 2013;3(1):65-9. [Crossref] 
  41. Keser Özcan N, Bilgin H, Tülek Z, Boyacıoğlu NE. Nursing Students' Experiences of Violence: A Questionnaire Survey. J Psychiatr Nurs. 2014;5(1):49-56. [Crossref] 
  42. Samir N, Mohamed R, Moustafa E, Saif HA. Nurses' attitudes and reactions to workplace violence in obstetrics and gynaecology departments in Cairo hospitals. East Mediterr Health J. 2012;18(3):198-204. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  43. Alkorashy HAE, Al Moalad FB. Workplace violence against nursing staff in a Saudi University Hospital. Int Nurs Rev. 2016;63(2):226-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  44. Fırat İ, Uzuntarla Y, Ceyhan S. [Investigation of mobbing exposure of nursing department students in hospital internship pratices]. Researcher: Social Science Studies. 2017;5(4):369-81. [Crossref] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com