Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Geriatrik Bireylerde Günlük Yaşam Aktivitelerindeki Bağımsızlık Düzeyi ile Yaşam Doyumu Arasındakiİlişkinin İncelenmesi: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
Investigation of the Relationship Between the Level of Independence in Activities of Daily Living and Life Satisfaction in Geriatrics: Descriptive Research
Medine Nur ÖZATA DEĞERLİa , Gonca BUMİNa, Onur ALTUNTAŞa
aHacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ergoterapi Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2023;8(3):436-43
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2023-95658
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı geriatrik bireylerde günlük yaşam aktivitelerindeki bağımsızlık düzeyi ile yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya yaş ortalaması 73,79±4,48 yıl olan 171 geriatrik birey dahil edildi. Bireylere sosyodemografik bilgi formu, günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde bağımsızlıklarını değerlendirmek için Nottingham Genişletilmiş Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri İndeksi ve yaşam doyumları düzeyini belirlemek için Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği uygulandı. Bulgular: Bireyler, Nottingham Genişletilmiş Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri İndeksinden ortalama 49,05±16,10 puan aldı. Bireylerin en yüksek bağımsızlıkların mutfak ile ilişkili aktivitelerde (12,47±3,75) ve en düşük bağımsızlığının boş zaman aktivitelerinde (11,47±5,27) olduğu görüldü. Yaşam Doyum Ölçeğinden ise ortalama 6,97±2,73 puan aldıkları saptandı. Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeğine ilişkin en yüksek doyum din ve maneviyata ilişkin memnuniyetten (8,04±2,32) ve en düşük doyumun sağlık ile ilişkili memnuniyetten (5,81±2,81) olduğu tespit edildi. Günlük yaşam aktivitelerinin hareket (p=0,001, r=0,541), mutfak (p=0,001, r=0,470), ev işleri (p=0,001, r=0,474) ve boş zaman aktiviteleri (p=0,001, r=0,458) alt başlıkları ile yaşam doyumu arasında pozitif yönde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Yaşlanma ile beraber günlük yaşam aktivitelerindeki performans olumsuz şekilde etkilenmektedir. Çalışmamız sonucunda geriatrik bireylerin günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde bağımsızlığın azalması ile beraber yaşam doyumlarının da azaldığı saptandı. Bu nedenle geriatrik bireylerin temel ve yardımcı günlük yaşam aktivitelerinin detaylı olarak değerlendirilmesi ve müdahalelerin planlaması yaşam kalitelerinin artırılması açısından önem arz etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Geriatrik birey; günlük yaşam aktiviteleri; yaşam doyumu
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the level of independence in activities of daily living and life satisfaction in geriatrics. Material and Methods: One hundred and seventy one geriatric individuals with a mean age of 73.79±4.48 years were included in the study. A sociodemographic information form was applied to the individuals, the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Index to assess their independence in activities of daily living, and the Satisfaction with Life as a Whole Scale to determine their level of life satisfaction. Results: Individuals scored a mean of 49,05±16,10 on the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Index. It was observed that the highest independence of individuals was in kitchen-related activities (12,47±3,75) and the lowest independence was in leisure activities (11,47±5,27). It was determined that they got an average of 6,97±2,73 points from the Satisfaction with Life as a Whole. Highest satisfaction with the Satisfaction with Life as a Whole was satisfaction with religion and spirituality (8,04±2,32) and the lowest satisfaction with health (5,81±2,81). It was determined that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between activities of daily living movement (p=0,001, r=0,541), kitchen (p=0,001, r=0,470), housework (p=0,001, r=0,474) and leisure time activities (p=0,001, r=0,458) and life satisfaction. Conclusion: Performance in activities of daily living is negatively affected with aging. As a result of our study, the decrease in independence in daily living activities in geriatrics significantly affects the life satisfaction of the elderly. For this reason, detailed evaluation of basic and auxiliary activities of daily living of geriatrics and planning of intervention are important in terms of increasing their quality of life.

Keywords: Geriatrics; activities of daily living; life satisfaction
REFERENCES:
  1. Arslantas D, Unsal A, Metintas S, Koc F, Arslantas A. Life quality and daily life activities of elderly people in rural areas, Eskişehir (Turkey). Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2009;48(2):127-31. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. United Nations. World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights. New York: United Nations; 2019. [Link] 
  3. TUİK [İnternet]. Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları 2013. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Haber Bülteni 2021. Erişim tarihi: [22 Ocak 2023] Erişim linki: [Link] 
  4. Ng R, Indran N. Role-based framing of older adults linked to decreased ageism over 210 years: evidence from a 600-million-word historical corpus. Gerontologist. 2022;62(4):589-97. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  5. Özel F, Yıldırım Y, Fadıloğlu Ç. Huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlılarda ağrı yönetimi [Pain management of elderly in nursing homes]. Ağrı. 2014;26(2):57-64. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Küçük U, Karadeniz H. Yaşlanmaya bağliı bireylerde görülen fizyolojik, ruhsal, sosyal değişiklikler ve korunmaya yönelik önlemler [Aging-related physiological, mental, and social changes in individuals and the measures for protection]. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi. 2021;14(2):96-103. [Crossref] 
  7. Janssens JP, Pache JC, Nicod LP. Physiological changes in respiratory function associated with ageing. Eur Respir J. 1999;13(1):197-205. [PubMed] 
  8. Loeser RF. Age-related changes in the musculoskeletal system and the development of osteoarthritis. Clin Geriatr Med. 2010;26(3):371-86. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  9. Oskvig RM. Special problems in the elderly. Chest. 1999;115(5 Suppl):158S-64S. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Murray CJ. The global burden of disease. A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. 1996. Available from: [Link] 
  11. Parahyba MI, Veras R, Melzer D. Incapacidade funcional entre as mulheres idosas no Brasil [Disability among elderly women in Brazil]. Rev Saude Publica. 2005;39(3):383-90. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Covinsky KE, Palmer RM, Fortinsky RH, Counsell SR, Stewart AL, Kresevic D, et al. Loss of independence in activities of daily living in older adults hospitalized with medical illnesses: increased vulnerability with age. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003;51(4):451-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  13. Del Duca GF, Silva MC, Hallal PC. Disability relating to basic and instrumental activities of daily living among elderly subjects. Rev Saude Publica. 2009;43(5):796-805. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, et al. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):270-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  15. Weintraub S, Salmon D, Mercaldo N, Ferris S, Graff-Radford NR, Chui H, et al. The Alzheimer's Disease Centers' Uniform Data Set (UDS): the neuropsychologic test battery. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2009;23(2):91-101. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  16. Borg C, Hallberg IR, Blomqvist K. Life satisfaction among older people (65+) with reduced self-care capacity: the relationship to social, health and financial aspects. J Clin Nurs. 2006;15(5):607-18. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Kankaya H, Karadakovan A. Yaşlı bireylerde günlük yaşam aktivite düzeylerinin yaşam kalitesi ve yaşam doyumuna etkisi [The effects of daily life activity levels on the quality of life and life satisfaction of elderly]. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2017;6(4):21-9. [Link] 
  18. Renaud J, Bédard E. Depression in the elderly with visual impairment and its association with quality of life. Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:931-43. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  19. von Heideken Wågert P, Rönnmark B, Rosendahl E, Lundin-Olsson L, Gustavsson JM, Nygren B, et al. Morale in the oldest old: the Umeå 85+ study. Age Ageing. 2005;34(3):249-55. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Nouri F, Lincoln N. An extended activities of daily living scale for stroke patients. Clinical Rehabilitation. 1987;1(4):301-5. [Crossref] 
  21. Sahin F, Yilmaz F, Ozmaden A, Kotevoglu N, Sahin T, Kuran B. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2008;20(5):400-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Diener E, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, Griffin S. The satisfaction with life scale. J Pers Assess. 1985;49(1):71-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Şimşek E. Örgütsel iletişim ve kişilik özelliklerinin yaşam doyumuna etkileri. [Doktora tezi]. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi; 2011. Erişim tarihi: [19 Ocak 2023] [Link] 
  24. Somrongthong R, Wongchalee S, Ramakrishnan C, Hongthong D, Yodmai K, Wongtongkam N. Influence of socioeconomic factors on daily life activities and quality of life of thai elderly. J Public Health Res. 2017;6(1):862. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  25. Carmona-Torres JM, Rodríguez-Borrego MA, Laredo-Aguilera JA, López-Soto PJ, Santacruz-Salas E, Cobo-Cuenca AI. Disability for basic and instrumental activities of daily living in older individuals. PLoS One. 2019;14(7):e0220157. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  26. Coventry PA, McMillan D, Clegg A, Brown L, van der Feltz-Cornelis C, Gilbody S, et al. Frailty and depression predict instrumental activities of daily living in older adults: a population-based longitudinal study using the CARE75+ cohort. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0243972. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  27. Celik SS, Celik Y, Hikmet N, Khan MM. Factors affecting life satisfaction of older adults in Turkey. Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2018;87(4):392-414. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  28. Li H, Chi I, Xu L. Life satisfaction of older Chinese adults living in rural communities. J Cross Cult Gerontol. 2013;28(2):153-65. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  29. Papi S, Cheraghi M. Multiple factors associated with life satisfaction in older adults. Prz Menopauzalny. 2021;20(2):65-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  30. Botha F, Booysen F. The relationship between marital status and life satisfaction among South African adults. Acta Academica. 2013;45(2):150-78. [Link] 
  31. Kudo H, Izumo Y, Kodama H, Watanabe M, Hatakeyama R, Fukuoka Y, et al. Life satisfaction in older people. Geriatrics & Gerontology International. 2007;7(1):15-20. [Crossref] 
  32. Mollaoğlu M, Tuncay FÖ, Fertelli TK. Mobility disability and life satisfaction in elderly people. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2010;51(3):e115-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  33. Lawlor DA, Taylor M, Bedford C, Ebrahim S. Is housework good for health? Levels of physical activity and factors associated with activity in elderly women. Results from the British Women's Heart and Health Study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002;56(6):473-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  34. Nimrod G. Retirees' leisure: activities, benefits, and their contribution to life satisfaction. Leisure Studies. 2007;26(1):65-80. [Crossref] 

.: Up To Date

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com