Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: RESEARCH
Kadınların Doğurganlık Hakkında Bilgi ve Deneyimleri Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma: Şırnak Örneği
A Qualitative Research on Women's Knowledge and Experiences About Fertility: Şırnak Case
Sibel AÇAR SALTANa , Berna ARDAb,c
aAnkara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kadın Çalışmaları Yüksek Lisans Programı, Ankara, Türkiye
bAnkara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik AD, Ankara, Türkiye
cAnkara Üniversitesi Kadın Sorunları Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi (KASAUM), Kadın Çalışmaları AD, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2025;33(3):103-12
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2025-109255
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Bu çalışma, Şırnak'ta yaşayan kadınların doğurganlık ile ilgili deneyimlerini ve bu deneyimlerin toplumsal yapı, aile baskısı ve sağlık hizmetleri ile nasıl şekillendiğini incelemeyi; ayrıca kadın bedeni üzerindeki toplumsal düzenlemeleri ve yönlendirmeleri görünür kılmayı amaçlamaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik desende yürütülen bu araştırmada, katılımcılar ile bireysel derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmada, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılar; çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda bilgi sağlayabilecek, çoklu doğum deneyimine sahip, Şırnak ilinde yaşayan, en az 3 çocuk sahibi olan 34-55 yaş arası kadınlar arasından 10 kadın seçilerek belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların fazla doğum sayısının nedenleri, bu konudaki düşünceleri, korunma yöntemleri ile ilgili bilgileri, sağlık hizmetlerine erişimleri ile ilgili veriler fenomenolojik yaklaşım ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan kadınlar, fazla sayıda doğum yapmalarının temel nedenleri arasında toplumsal baskıları, aileden ve çevreden gelen beklentileri, dinî ve kültürel normlar ile eğitim eksikliğini öne çıkardılar. Betimsel analiz yöntemi ile çözümlenen veriler, kadınların doğurganlıkla ilgili kararlarında bireysel tercihten çok toplumsal yapı, ailevi beklentiler ve yapısal sınırlılıkların belirleyici olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Katılımcıların sağlık personelinden, eşinden, toplumdan çekindikleri için soru soramadıkları, bilgi edinemedikleri ve dolayısıyla istedikleri zaman istedikleri gibi korunamadıkları belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında görüşme yapılan kadınların doğurganlıkla ilgili deneyimlerinin, çoğunlukla bireysel tercihlerden ziyade içinde bulundukları toplumsal, kültürel ve yapısal koşulların etkisiyle şekillendiği gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Doğurganlık; kadın; nitel araştırma; Şırnak
ABSTRACT
This study aims to explore how women living in Şırnak experience fertility, and how their experiences are shaped by social structure, family pressure, and access to health services. In addition, the study seeks to reveal the social structures and mechanisms that regulate and influence women's bodily autonomy. This research was carried out using a phenomenological approach, which is one of the qualitative research methods. In depth individual interviews were conducted with 10 women aged 34 to 55, living in Şırnak, who had at least 3 children. These women were selected through purposive sampling based on their ability to provide relevant information for the study. The participants' reasons for having a high number of births, their views on this issue, their knowledge about contraceptive methods, and their access to health services were evaluated through a phenomenological approach. Participants said that having many children was mostly due to social pressure, expectations from family and community, religious and cultural beliefs, and lack of education. The data, analyzed using descriptive analysis, showed that women's fertility decisions were influenced more by social and family expectations than by their own personal choices. It was also found that many women were afraid or uncomfortable asking questions to health workers, their husbands, or others, so they often lacked information about birth control. Because of this, they were not able to prevent pregnancy when they wanted. In general, the results suggest that the women's fertility experiences were mostly shaped by social, cultural, and structural conditions, rather than individual preferences.

Keywords: Fertility; woman; qualitative research; Şırnak
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