Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Biostatistics

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışmalarında Kullanılan İçerik Geçerliliğine Genel Bir Bakış
An Overview Evaluation of the Content Validity Used in Scale Development Studies
İsmet DOĞANa, Nurhan DOĞANa
aBiyoistatistik ve Tıbbi Bilişim AD, Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Ayfonkarahisar, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Biostat. 2019;11(2):143-51
doi: 10.5336/biostatic.2019-65953
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Makalenin amacı, içerik geçerliliğinde kullanılan nicel ölçütleri tanıtmak ve Lawshe'nin içerik geçerlilik oranı için asgari uzman sayısını belirlemektir. Çalışmada içerik geçerliliğinin tanımı, önemi, kavramsal temeli ve fonksiyonel doğası incelenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bir testin (alet, ölçek ya da anketin) kabul edilebilir olup olmadığını söyleyebilmek için göz önünde bulundurulan beş kriter güvenirlik, geçerlik, objektiflik, pratiklik ve ekonomiklik olarak sıralanmaktadır. Kabul edilebilir bir testin geliştirilmesinde geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik özellikle üzerinde durulan iki önemli kavramdır ve ölçüm geçerliliği yaklaşık 100 yıldır bilim adamlarının dikkatini çeken önemli ve karmaşık bir konudur. Geçerlilik, araştırmacıların elde ettiği yanıtlardan elde edilen çıkarımların bir özelliğidir ve bu özellik araştırmacıların bu yanıtları elde etmek için kullandıkları araçlara ait olmayıp sabit bir özelliktir. Bulgular: Gerek yayınlanmamış ve piyasada mevcut ölçeklerin gerekse diğer psikometrik ölçeklerin kullanım sıklığında son yıllarda artış görülmektedir. Ne yazık ki, bu ölçeklerin birçoğunun geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği ile ilgili bilgiler ya elde edilememektedir, ya yetersizdir ya da uygun değildir. Psikometrik ölçekte içerik geçerliliğinin önemi ve içerik geçerliliğinin güvenilirlik ile ilişkisi, ölçek geliştirmede içerik geçerliliğini önemli bir adım haline getirmiştir. Sonuç: İçerik geçerliliği yargıların ölçülmesi için geliştirilen alternatif yöntemlerle mukayese edildiğinde, Lawshe yöntemi yalnızca basit hesaplamalar gerektiren ve kritik bir eşik değeri belirlemek için kullanıcılara kullanımı kolay bir tablo sunan basit ve kullanıcı dostu bir yöntemdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: İçerik geçerliliği; içerik geçerlilik oranı; içerik geçerlilik indeksi; test oluşturma; ölçek geliştirme
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The purpose of the article is to introduce quantitative criteria used for content validity and to determine the minimum number of experts for content validity of Lawshe. The definition, importance, conceptual basis, and functional nature of content validity were examined in the article. Material and Methods: There are five criteria that are used to know whether or not the test (instrument, scale or questionniare) can be considered qualified namely reliability, validity, objectivity, practicality, and economy. Validity and reliability are two important things related to constructing such kind of test. Validity of measurement is an important and complex issue that has received much attention from scientists for nearly 100 years. Validity is a property of the inferences investigators make from the responses they obtain and not a fixed property of the instruments used to obtain those responses. Results: Both unpublished and commercially available scales and other psychometric devices yielding ordinal level measurements appear to have increased in frequency of usage during recent years. Unfortunately, information concerning the reliability and validity of many of these instruments is either unavailable, insufficient, or inappropriate. The importance of content validity in the instrument psychometric and its relevance with reliability, have made it an essential step in the instrument development. Conclusion: Compared with alternative methods for quantifying content validity judgements, the Lawshe method is straightforward and user-friendly, requiring only simple computations and providing a table for determining a critical cutoff value.

Keywords: Content validity; content validity ratio; content validity index; test construction; instrument development
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