Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Biostatistics

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
On Imputing Binary Data via Pairwise Associations and Corresponding Conditional Probabilities
İlişki Katsayıları ve Koşullu Olasılıkları Kullanarak İki Sonuçlu Veriler İçin Değer Atama
Irene B. HELENOWSKI, PhDa,b, Hakan DEMİRTAŞ, Dr., Assoc. Prof.b, Beyza DOĞANAY ERDOĞAN, PhDc
aDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University,
bDivision of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, U.S.A.
cDepartment of Biostatistics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara
Turkiye Klinikleri J Biostat. 2012;4(1):1-9
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
Objective: In this work, we present a method for imputing binary data without making any multinomial or loglinear model assumptions. Material and Methods: Our approach employs principles of generating binary data from multivariate normally distributed values, as discussed in Emrich and Piedmonte1. Specifically, a data set that follows a multivariate normal distribution is generated separately from observed data, using marginal binary proportions, and a matrix associated with pairwise tetrachoric correlations derived from phi coefficients. The same fraction of missing information is introduced in the generated data as in the original multivariate binary data, multiple imputation is then applied to the generated values via joint modeling under the normality assumption, and imputed values are dichotomized by quantiles corresponding to the binary proportions that are computed based on the original incomplete data. Results: Application of our imputation method to generated data in simulation studies and to real data examples led to promising results, as indicated by average estimates (AE) of pairwise correlation parameters comparable to the true correlation values associated with generated data and to the original correlation estimates involving real data, standardized bias (SB) values < 50%, small RMSE values associated with good accuracy and precision, coverage rates (CR) > 90%, and average widths (AW) of confidence intervals for correlation parameter estimates from the imputed data comparable to 95% confidence interval widths of true correlation values associated with generated data or original correlation estimates involving real data. Conclusion: Simulation studies and real data applications indicate that this new method is a promising approach in imputing binary data while relaxing multinomial and loglinear model assumptions.

Keywords: Missing data; multiple imputation; multivariate normal distribution; binary data
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, iki sonuçlu değişkenler için multinomial ya da logaritmik doğrusal model varsayımları olmadan geliştirilen bir değer atama yöntemi tanıtılacaktır. Burada kullanılan yaklaşım, Emrich ve Piedmonte1 tarafından önerilen, çok değişkenli normal dağılım gösteren verileri kullanarak iki sonuçlu çok değişkenli veri türetme prensibine dayanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Gözlenen iki sonuçlu verilerden hesaplanan marjinal oranları ve iki sonuçlu değişkenler arası korelasyonları gösteren phi katsayılarından bulunan tetrakorik korelasyonları kullanılarak çok değişkenli normal dağılım gösteren bir veri seti türetilir. Türetilen veri setinden, gerçek veride gözlenen kayıp oranı kadar veri silinir ve çok değişkenli normal dağılıma dayalı bileşik modelleme yaklaşımı ile değer ataması yapılır. Sonra eksik veriler yerine atanan değerler, gerçek veriden hesaplanan oranlara karşılık gelen yüzdeliklere (kuantillere) göre iki sonuçlu hale dönüştürülür. Bulgular: Değer atama sonrasında bulunan ortalama korelasyon kestirimleri, benzetim çalışmasında belirlenen gerçek değerler ve gerçek veri setindeki kestirimler ile benzer bulunmuştur. Standardize yanlılık değerleri %50'nin altında, doğruluk ve kesinliğin yüksek olduğuna işaret eden hata kareleri ortalaması karekökü küçük, kapsama alanları da %90'ın üzerinde bulunmuştur. Değer atama sonucu bulunan güven sınırlarının ortalama genişlikleri, benzetim çalışmasından ya da gerçek veri uygulamasından elde edilen korelasyon parametre kestirimlerine ilişkin %95 güven sınırlarına benzer bulunmuştur. Yapılan benzetim çalışmaları ve gerçek veri seti uygulaması sonucunda elde edilen bulgular ışığında, önerilen değer atama yönteminin umut verici olduğu söylenebilir. Sonuç: Yapılan benzetim çalışmaları ve gerçek veri uygulaması, geliştirilen bu yeni yöntemin iki sonuçlu çok değişkenli veriler için multinomial ya da logaritmik doğrusal model varsayımları olmadan yapılan iyi bir değer atama yaklaşımı olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kayıp veri; çoklu değer atama; çok değişkenli normal dağılım; iki sonuçlu veri

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