Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences

Overview of the Relationship Between Obstetric Factors and Maternal Deaths: Systematic Review
Obstetrik Faktörler ve Maternal Ölüm Arasındaki İlişkiye Genel Bir Bakış: Sistematik Derleme
Songül ÜNÜVARa , Süleyman SANDALb
aİnönü University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Malatya, Türkiye
bİnönü University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Türkiye
J Lit Pharm Sci. 2025;14(2):80-92
doi: 10.5336/pharmsci.2025-108265
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Throughout pregnancy, various organ systems, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and more, adapt to pregnancy under normal physiological conditions. In addition to being a natural process, pregnancy causes physiological, psychological, and anatomical changes in the pregnant woman's organism. These changes begin immediately after fertilization, and they help meet the mother's and baby's metabolic needs and maintain the health of the mother and baby in the best possible way. All systems are affected to different degrees by the needs of the fetus. Maternal death is defined as maternal deaths resulting from direct factors related to pregnancy or the gestation process or from factors indirectly aggravated by these factors during pregnancy, during birth, or within 42 days after birth, regardless of the duration and place of pregnancy. Maternal deaths are subdivided into 2 groups: direct and indirect obstetric deaths. Direct maternal deaths resulting from obstetric complications of pregnancy. Indirect maternal deaths are caused by a pre-existing disease or diseases that develop during pregnancy and are not directly related to obstetric causes but are aggravated by the physiological effects of pregnancy. Many countries are making efforts on different issues to reduce maternal deaths, and most of these efforts yield successful results. However, in some countries, maternal mortality rates are still relatively high. Maternal deaths are a significant global health problem that must be solved as a priority. In this review, obstetric factors that cause maternal deaths and indirect causes triggered by these factors are mentioned.

Keywords: Maternal death; obstetric complication; pregnancy; maternal-fetal relations; pregnancy outcome
ÖZET
 Gebelik boyunca, kardiyovasküler, solunum, gastrointestinal, üriner ve diğer organ sistemleri, normal fizyolojik koşullar altında gebeliğe uyum sağlar. Gebelik, doğal bir süreç olmasının yanı sıra, fizyolojik, psikolojik ve anatomik değişikliklere de yol açar. Bu değişiklikler, döllenmeden hemen sonra başlayıp, annenin ve bebeğin metabolik ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaya, anne ve bebeğin sağlığını en iyi şekilde korumaya yardımcı olur. Tüm sistemler, fetüsün ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda farklı derecelerde etkilenir. Maternal ölüm, doğrudan gebelikle veya doğum süreciyle ilgili faktörlerden ya da bu faktörlerin gebelik sırasında, doğum sırasında veya doğumdan sonraki 42 gün içinde dolaylı olarak kötüleşmesinden kaynaklanan anne ölümlerini tanımlar. Doğrudan ve dolaylı olmak üzere maternal ölümler 2 gruba ayrılır. Doğrudan maternal ölümler, gebeliğin obstetrik komplikasyonlarından kaynaklanırken, dolaylı maternal ölümler, gebelik sırasında gelişen ve obstetrik nedenlerle doğrudan ilişkili olmayan, ancak gebelikteki fizyolojik değişikliklerle kötüleşen, önceden var olan hastalıklar nedeniyle meydana gelir. Birçok ülke, maternal ölümleri azaltmaya yönelik çaba sarf etmektedir ve bu çabaların çoğu başarılı sonuçlar vermektedir. Ancak bazı ülkelerde maternal mortalite oranları hala nispeten yüksektir. Maternal ölümler, öncelikli olarak çözülmesi gereken önemli bir küresel sağlık sorunu olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu derlemede, maternal ölümlere neden olan obstetrik faktörler ve bu faktörlerin tetiklediği dolaylı nedenler ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Maternal ölüm; obstetrik komplikasyon; gebelik; maternal-fetal ilişkiler; gebelik sonucu
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4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com