Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: RESEARCH
Oyun Teorisinin Tıp Etiğine Uyarlanışına Dair Metodolojik Bir Çalışma: Antibiyotik Pazarı ve Televizyon Diyetisyenleri
A Methodological Study on the Application of Game Theory in Medical Ethics: Antibiotics Market and Television Dietitians
M. Kemal TEMELa
aİstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2022;30(1):44-55
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2021-86766
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Oyun teorisi, çeşitli aktörler arasındaki etkileşimlerin ve bunların sonuçlarının matematiksel gösterim ve modellerle analizidir. Bu çalışmada oyun teorisi, tıbbi içerikli ve böylece tıp etiğine tabi gerçek yaşantılardan uyarlanan 2 basit senaryoya uygulanmıştır. Günümüzde tıp, içerdiği ve kesiştiği tüm alanlarla birlikte, birbiriyle etkileşen birçok özne içeren geniş bir faaliyet kümesidir. Fakat faaliyet gösterilen alan tıp ise, tüm tıbbi, ticari, resmî ve iktisadi aktörlerin tıp etiği çerçevesinde hareket etmeleri, teknik ve etik açıdan yapılabilecekler ve yapmamak gerekenler arasında nasıl bir yol izleyecekleri konusunda kabul edilebilir stratejiler geliştirmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu bakımdan bir strateji disiplini olan iktisat menşeli oyun teorisi, tıp etiğinde de değerlendirilesi bir araçtır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Antibiyotik; diyetisyen; John Nash; iktisat; mahkum ikilemi; mühendislik; oyun teorisi; televizyon
ABSTRACT
Game theory is the analysis of consequential interaction between various actors by use of mathematical representation and modelling. In this study, game theory is applied in 2 simple medicine-related and thus medical-ethically relevant scenarios based on real life. With all its subsets and intersections, medicine today implies a realm of interaction by numerous agents. However, if the field in which to act is medicine, all the medical, commercial, official, and financial actors must operate in line with medical ethics, and must develop acceptable strategies to navigate between the technically and ethically feasible and objectionable. Originally rooted in economics, game theory as a discipline of strategy is a valuable tool in medical ethics as well.

Keywords: Antibiotics; dietitians; John Nash; economics; prisoner's dilemma; engineering; game theory; television
REFERENCES:
  1. Peters H. Game Theory: A Multi-Leveled Approach. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer; 2015. p.1. [Crossref] 
  2. Montmort PR. Essay d'Analyse sur les Jeux de Hasard. 2nd ed. Paris: Jacque Quillau; 1713.
  3. Cournot A. Recherches sur les Principes Mathématiques de la Théorie des Richesses. Paris: L. Hachette; 1838. [Link] 
  4. Bellhouse D. The problem of Waldegrave. J Élec Hist Prob Stat. 2007;3(2):1-12. [Link] 
  5. Bellhouse D, Fillion N. Le Her and other problems in probability discussed by Bernoulli, Montmort and Waldegrave. Stat Sci. 2015;30(1):26-39. [Crossref] 
  6. Schwalbe U, Walker P. Zermelo and the Early History of Game Theory, on an application of set theory to the theory of the game of chess. Games Econ Behav. 2001;34(1):123-37. [Crossref] 
  7. von Neumann J. Zur Theorie der gesellschaftsspiele. Mathematische Annalen. 1928;100:295-300. [Crossref] 
  8. Borel É. La théorie du jeu et les équations intégrales à noyau symétrique. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances del'Académie des Sciences. 1921;173:1304-8.
  9. Borel É, Ville J. Applications de la Théorie des Probabilités aux Jeux de Hasard, 1938. Paris: Éditions Jacques Gabay; 2009. [Link] 
  10. Dimand RW, Dimand MA. The early history of the theory of strategic games from Waldegrave to Borel. Hist Political Econ. 1992; 24(5):15-27. [Link] 
  11. von Neumann J, Morgenstern O. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1944.
  12. Leonard RJ. From parlor games to social science: von Neumann, Morgenstern, and the creation of game theory 1928-1944. J Econ Lit. 1995;33(2):730-61. [Link] 
  13. Smith JM. Evolution and the Theory of Games. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1982.
  14. Dutta PK. Strategies and Games: Theory and Practice. 1st ed. Cambridge, MA: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press; 1999. p.1-6.
  15. Camerer CF. Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction. 1st ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2003.
  16. Bruin B. Game theory in philosophy. Topoi. 2005;24(2):197-208. [Crossref] 
  17. McCarty N, Meirowitz A. Political Game Theory: An Introduction. 1st ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007. [Crossref] 
  18. Verbeek B, Morris C. Game theory and ethics. Zalta EN, ed. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2010. Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2021. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  19. Nash JF. Non-Cooperative Games. Princeton, NJ: Department of Mathematics, Princeton University; 1950. p.17-20. [Link] 
  20. Holt CA, Roth AE. The Nash equilibrium: a perspective. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(12):3999-4002. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  21. Nash JF. Equilibrium Points in N-Person Games. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1950;36(1):48-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  22. Nash JF. Non-cooperative games. Ann Math. 1951;54(2):286-95. [Crossref] 
  23. Yang L. Solution to 70 Paradoxes Including "Prisoner's Dilemma". Irvine, CA: Hans Publishers; 2019. p.28.
  24. The Nobel Prize. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1994. Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2021. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  25. Myerson RB. Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict. 1st ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1997. p.1-2.
  26. Osborne MJ, Rubinstein A. A Course in Game Theory. Cambridge, MA: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press; 1994. p.1-2.
  27. Kelly A. Decision Making Using Game Theory: An Introduction for Managers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003. p.1-3. [Crossref] 
  28. Temel MK. Tıp öğrencileri için "tıp tarihi ve etik". Parakrin. 2020;3(7):41-3.
  29. Winston WL. Operations Research: Applications and Algorithms. 4th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning; 2004. p.827.
  30. Gökbel SA. Finans etiği [Financial ethics]. Öneri Dergisi. 2007;7(27):159-64. [Link] 
  31. Beauchamp TL, Childress JF, eds. Temel MK, çeviri editörü. Biyomedikal Etik Prensipleri. 7. Baskı. İstanbul: BETİM; 2017. p.30-6, 260-3, 289-93, 347-9, 380-450.
  32. Smith A. The Theory of Moral Sentiments. 2nd ed. Londra: A. Millar; 1761. [Link] 
  33. Smith A. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Vol. 2. 1st ed. Londra: W. Strahan; 1776. [Crossref] 
  34. Mill JS. Principles of Political Economy with Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy. Vol. 2. Londra: W. Parker; 1848.
  35. Mill JS. Utilitarianism. Londra: Parker, Son, and Bourn; 1863.
  36. Bulut M. Ahlak ve iktisat [Ethics and economics]. Adam Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2015;5(2):105-23. [Link] 
  37. Barış M, Ertin H, Temel MK. Yirminci yüzyılın ikinci çeyreğinde bir tıbbi milat, bir askerî koz ve bir siyasi araç olarak penisilin [Penicillin as a medical milestone, a military trump, and a political tool in the second quarter of the twentieth century]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2020;28(2):173-87. [Crossref] 
  38. Mohr KI. History of antibiotics research. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2016;398:237-72. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  39. Komolafe OO. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria-an emerging public health problem. Malawi Med J. 2003;15(2):63-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  40. Aminov RI. A brief history of the antibiotic era: lessons learned and challenges for the future. Front Microbiol. 2010;1:134. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  41. Coussens NP, Molinaro AL, Culbertson KJ, Peryea T, Zahoránszky-Köhalmi G, et al. Better living through chemistry: addressing emerging antibiotic resistance. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2018;243(6):538-53. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  42. World Health Organization. Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance. Cenevre: World Health Organization; 2014. [Link] 
  43. Temel MK. Antidepresan kullanım bozukluğu sorununa karşı bir normatif çözüm algoritması [A normative algorithm of solution for the problem of antidepressant use disorder]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2020;28(3):421-44. [Crossref] 
  44. Davies J, Davies D. Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2010;74(3):417-33. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  45. NTV [İnternet]. © Copyright 2021 [Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2021]. Felaketin ayak sesleri: antibiyotik direnci. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  46. The New York Times [İnternet]. © 2021 The New York Times Company [Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2021]. A Friedman doctrine: the social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  47. Dağtaş E, Yıldız ME. Türkiye'de "izleyicinin metalaşması": televizyon dizilerinin sosyal reyting ölçümlerinin eleştirel ekonomi politik çözümlemesi ["Commodification of audiences" in Turkey: critical political economy analysis of the social rate measurement of television series]. Global Media Journal TR Edition. 2015;5(10):120-42. [Link] 
  48. Ateşalp ST. "Nitelikli televizyon": medya profesyonellerinin perspektifinden Türk televizyon dizilerinde nitelik ["Quality TV": Quality in Turkish Television Dramas from the Perspective of Media Professionals]. İleti-ş-im: Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi. 2016;25:9-37. [Crossref] 
  49. Töre E. Türkiye'de reklam endüstrisi değer zinciri ve temel göstergeler. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication. 2011;1(2):34-42. [Crossref] 
  50. Kuyucu M. Yeni medya ve televizyon endüstrisi: televizyon endüstrisine meydan okuyan sosyal medya platformu YouTube. Uluslararası Sanat, Tasarım ve Manipülasyon Sempozyumu Bildiri Kitabı. 1. Baskı. Sakarya: Sakarya Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi Yayınları; 2013. p.221-8.
  51. Kırık AM. Popüler kültür ve kültür endüstrisi bağlamında "Yetenek Sizsiniz Türkiye" program formatına yönelik eleştirel bir analiz [A critical analysis for the program format 'Yetenek Sizsiniz Türkiye' (Turkey's Got Talent) in the context of popular culture and culture industry]. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;30:31-50. [Crossref] 
  52. Varol SF, Tayanç NK. Parasosyal ilişki̇: kavramsal bir çerçeve [Parasocial relationship: A conceptual framework]. İletişim Kuram ve Araştırma Dergisi. 2019;48:257-77. [Link] 
  53. Aksoy S, Saraç DÇ. Sıradan insan hikâyelerinin reality TV programları dolayımıyla metalaşması üzerine bir analiz [An analysis on the ordinary people stories commodified by means of reality Tv programs]. TRT Akademi. 2020;6(10):768-88. [Link] 
  54. Resmî Gazete (03.3.2011/27863) sayılı Radyo ve Televizyonların Kuruluş ve Yayın Hizmetleri Hakkında Kanun. 2011. Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2021. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  55. Mora N. Medya ve kültürel kimlik [Media and cultural identity]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2008;5(1):1-14. [Link] 
  56. Ertin H. Modern Tıp ve Etik I. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: BETİM; 2020. p.33-4. [Link] 
  57. Sputnik Türkiye [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2021]. Beslenmede toplumu yanlış yönlendirenlere ceza yolda. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  58. Sputnik Türkiye [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2021]. Tavuk döner kavgası torba teklifle TBMM'ye geliyor. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  59. Temel MK. Antikiteden 1950'lere gelinene dek 'depresyon' kavramına, etiyolojisine ve tedavisine dair başlıca eser ve anlayışlar [Major works and theories concerning the "depression" concept, etiology, and treatment from antiquity to the 1950's]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2019;27(3):256-68. [Crossref] 
  60. Sputnik Türkiye [İnternet]. [Erişim tarihi: 24 Ekim 2021]. Gıdalarla ilgili yayınlara yeni düzenleme: yanıltıcı yayın yapanlara 50 bin TL'ye kadar ceza verilecek. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  61. Temel MK. Gelmiş Geçmiş En Büyük Katil: 1918 "İspanyol" Gribi. 2. Baskı. İstanbul: BETİM; 2020. p.159-74. [Link] 
  62. Baranzke H. Temel MK, çeviri editörü. Batı'daki Biyomedikal Etik Tartışmalarında Özerklik ve İnsanlık Onuru. İstanbul: BETİM; 2018. [Link] 
  63. Az A, Temel MK, Ertin H. Hasta mahremiyeti. İlkılıç İ, Kucur C, Önder O, editörler. Tıp Etiğinde Mahremiyet: Mahremiyet Hakkı, Dinî Talepler ve Tıbbî Gerçekler Arasında Var Olmayan Uyuşmazlık. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: İSAR; 2020. p.81-95. [Link] 
  64. Temel MK, Ertin H. 1918 grip pandemisi kıssasından COVID-19 pandemisine hisseler [Lessons from the 1918 Influenza Pandemic for the COVID-19 Pandemic]. Anadolu Kliniği Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;25(ek 1):63-78. [Crossref] 

.: Up To Date

Login



Contact


Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com