Amaç: Bu araştırma, kanser hastalarının koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] pandemisinde Akdeniz diyetine uyum düzeylerini ve bu düzeyler üzerine sağlıklı yaşam biçimi bileşenlerinin etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel tasarımda olan bu araştırma, Fethiye Devlet Hastanesi Onkoloji Polikliniği'nde tedavi alan 200 gönüllü kanser hastası ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcıların Akdeniz diyetine uyum düzeyleri, Akdeniz Diyeti Bağlılık Ölçeği ve Akdeniz Diyet Kalitesi İndeksi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca katılımcıların uyku, duygu, iştah ve fiziksel aktivite durumlarına dair öznel değerlendirmelerine (iyi/kötü) göre Akdeniz diyetine uyumlarının nasıl değişiklik gösterdiği de analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Bu araştırmaya katılanların %60,0'ı kadın olup, %32,0'si normal vücut ağırlıklı, %39,5'i fazla kilolu ve %25,5'i obezdir. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 58,5±12,7 yıl ve beden kütle indeksi ortalaması 27,3±5,2 kg/m2 'dir. Katılımcıların Akdeniz diyetine uyum düzeyleri pandemi öncesine kıyasla pandemi sürecinde daha yüksektir (p<0,001). Ayrıca öznel uyku, fiziksel aktivite ve iştah durumu iyi olan hastaların Akdeniz diyetine uyumunun daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Buna karşın duygu durumunun bu diyete uyum düzeyleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). COVID-19 enfeksiyonu geçirme veya sekonder bir tanının eşlik etme durumunun bu diyete uyum üzerindeki etkisi istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmaya eğilimlidir (0,05<p<0,10). Sonuç: Bu araştırma, pandemi döneminde beklenenin aksine Akdeniz diyetine uyumun arttığını göstermekte olup, özellikle kanser hastaları gibi savunmasız gruplar için müdahale planları geliştirilirken diyete uyumu kolaylaştıran ve zorlaştıran faktörlerin dikkate alınmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019; Akdeniz diyeti; yaşam tarzı faktörleri
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the adherence of cancer patients to the Mediterranean diet during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the impact of healthy lifestyle components on this adherence. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 volunteer cancer patients receiving treatment at the Fethiye State Hospital Oncology Polyclinic. Participants' adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index. Additionally, how participants' adherence to the Mediterranean diet varied according to their subjective evaluations (good/bad) of their sleep, mood, appetite, and physical activity was analyzed. Results: 60.0% of the participants in this study were women, and 32.0% had a normal body weight, 39.5% were overweight, and 25.5% were obese. The participants' mean age was 58.5±12.7 years and mean body mass index was 27.3±5.2 kg/m². Participants' adherence to the Mediterranean diet was higher during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic (p<0.001). Patients with good subjective sleep, physical activity, and appetite status were also found to have higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p<0.05). In contrast, mood was found to have no significant effect on adherence to this diet (p>0.05). The effect of having had a COVID-19 infection or a secondary diagnosis on adherence to this diet tended toward statistical significance (0.05<p<0.10). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that, contrary to expectations, adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased during the pandemic, and highlights the importance of considering factors that facilitate and hinder dietary adherence when developing intervention plans, especially for vulnerable groups such as cancer patients.
Keywords: Coronavirus disease-2019; Mediterranean diet; lifestyle factors
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