Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: REVIEW
Sosyolojik Temellendirme Çerçevesinde Beyin Ölümü Kavramı: Geleneksel Derleme
The Concept of Brain Death within the Framework of Sociological Justification: Traditional Review
Vahide KORKMAZa
aEskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tıp Tarihi ve Etik ABD, Eskişehir, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2022;30(3):323-31
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2022-88882
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Toplumsal düzeyde beyin ölümünün kabulüne bakıldığında, kalp merkezli ölümünden kopulamadığı bilinmektedir. Sosyal sistem içinde en iyinin gerçekleştirilebilmesi için toplumsal aktörler tarafından beyin ölümünün doğru anlaşılması elzemdir. Bu amaçla beyin ölümü tanısı ve ilintili olduğu organ nakli konusunda toplumsal bilincinin yükseltilmesi gerekmektedir. Evlerden hastanelere yönlenen ölümle cihazların gözetimine giren yaşam, beraberinde bazı etik sorunları gündeme getirmiştir. Tıp etiği disiplini açısından beyin ölümünün tıbbi ölüm olarak kabulüyle 'insanları araç değil amaç olarak görmek' ilkesiyle 'hiç kimseyi öldürmeden ölecek olan bir kişiyi kurtarmak' ilkesi birlikte ele alınmayı zorunlu kılmaktadır. Kuşkusuz, yaşamı organ nakline bağlı bir hasta için onu yaşatmak amacı uğruna her şey yapılabilir noktasına asla gelinmemelidir. Aksi hâlde insanın değeri adına aynı değerde başka bir amacı araç olarak değerlendirmek söz konusu olur ki bu yaklaşım yukarıda bahsedilen ilkelerle çelişecektir. Etik temellenlendirme yöntemlerinden 'sosyolojik temellendirme', kaynağını toplum sözleşmesinden ve toplumsal uzlaşıdan alır. Bireyin yaşamsal faaliyetleri sürdüğü hâlde sosyal ilişkilere girememesi, sosyal ilişkilerdeki kopukluk boyutunda 'sosyal ölüm', 'sosyal olarak ölü' kavramı, 'sosyal yalnızlık' kavramlarıyla ilişkilendirilir. Diğer bir yönüyle beyin ölümünün ölüm kriteri olarak kabul edilmesi, hayatta kalmak için organ nakline ihtiyaç duyanlara daha fazla donör sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, sosyolojik temellendirme çerçevesinde beyin ölümü kavramı üzerine bir değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda konu literatür temelli ele alınmış, bireyin mutluluğu için toplumun genel iyiliği ve toplumsal yarar açısından beyin ölümü ve organ nakli arasındaki dikotomik ilişki, değerlendirilmesi gereken noktalardan biri olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ölüm; beyin ölümü; etik temellendirme; sosyolojik temellendirme
ABSTRACT
 Considering the acceptance of brain death at the societal level, it is known that it cannot be separated from the heart-centered death. For the realization of the best in the social system, the correct understanding of brain death by social actors is essential. For this purpose, it is necessary to raise public awareness about the diagnosis of brain death and related organ transplantation. Death directed from homes to hospitals and life under the surveillance of devices have brought some ethical problems to the agenda. In terms of the discipline of medical ethics, the acceptance of brain death as a medical death, the principle of 'seeing people as an end rather than a tool', and the principle of 'saving a person who will die without killing anyone' require to be considered together. Undoubtedly, for a patient whose life depends on organ transplantation, anything should be done for the sake of keeping him alive. Otherwise, it would be possible to evaluate another goal of the same value as a means for the sake of human value, which would contradict the principles mentioned above. One of the ethical justification methods, 'sociological grounding' takes its source from the social contract and social consensus. The inability of the individual to enter into social relations even though his vital activities continue, is associated with the concepts of 'social death', 'socially dead' and 'social loneliness' in the dimension of disconnection in social relations. On the other hand, accepting brain death as a death criterion provides more donors to those who need organ transplantation to survive. This study aims to evaluate the concept of brain death within the framework of sociological grounding. In this context, the subject was discussed on the basis of the literature, and the dichotomous relationship between brain death and organ transplantation was determined as one of the points that should be evaluated in terms of the general well-being of the society and social benefit for the happiness of the individual.

Keywords: Death; brain death; ethical justification; sociological justification
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-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

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